|
| United States Patent
|
6,601,604 |
| Cooper |
August 5, 2003 |
Fire-control sprinkler system
Abstract
This invention provides for a valve system for use in fire
suppression systems that provides pressure relief, pressure testing,
and drain/test fluid flow capability. The valve system consists of a
valve body with an attached riser. Adjustably attached to the riser
is a rotary handle for raising and lowering a spring loaded valve
stem. A blocking plug is provided for attachment to the handle which
operates to block the movement of the valve stem during pressure
testing of the fire suppression system. A tension disk is adjustably
attached to the inside of the riser to manually adjust the spring
tension. In addition, a means is provided for preventing system
fluid from contacting the spring.
| Inventors: |
Cooper; Michael S.
(Phoenix, AZ) |
| Appl. No.:
|
09/596,627 |
| Filed: |
June 19, 2000 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
376112 |
Feb., 1999 |
|
|
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074758 |
May., 1998 |
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| Current U.S.
Class: |
137/269 ;
137/360; 137/561A; 169/16 |
| Current
International Class: |
A62C
37/00 (20060101); A62C 37/50 (20060101); F16K
15/00 (20060101); F16K 15/18 (20060101); F16K
31/50 (20060101); F16K 31/44 (20060101); A62C 035/60 ();
F16K 051/00 () |
| Field of
Search: |
137/269,270,360,552,561A,561R,557,559 73/861.74,861.76
169/16,17 200/81.9R 251/83 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent
Documents
Primary Examiner: Lee; Kevin
Attorney, Agent or Firm:
Stoneman; Martin L.
Parent Case Text
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
The present application is a continuation-in-part of my application
Ser. No. 09/376,112, filed Feb. 1, 1999 now abandoned,
entitled"Unitary Valve System", abandoned in favor of this
application; which was a continuation-in-part of my application Ser.
No. 09/074,758, filed May 8, 1998 now abandoned, entitled "Unitary
Valve System", now abandoned. The present application is related to
my copending application Ser. No. 08/840,421, filed Apr. 29, 1997
entitled "Fire Control Sprinkler System Riser Means"; which was a
continuation-in-part of my application Ser. No. 08/604,732, filed
Feb. 21, 1996, entitled "Fire-Control Sprinkler System Riser Means",
now abandoned. All of these applications are incorporated herein by
this reference; and none are admitted to be prior art with respect
to the present invention by their mention in this cross-reference
section.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A multi-function unitary valve system for use in a fluid system
containing a fluid and having pressure testing, pressure relief, and
drain/test free fluid flow capability, comprising, in combination:
a) a valve body having an inlet portion an outlet portion, and a
valve seat; b) a valve riser affixed to said valve body and having
an exterior surface and an internal bore; c) a valve stem
concentrically disposed within said valve riser and having an upper
portion and a lower portion; d) a first sealer, to assist sealing at
said valve seat, affixed to said lower portion of said valve stem
and structured and arranged for engagement with said valve seat when
said valve stem is lowered; e) a controller, adjustably attached to
said exterior surface of said valve riser, structured and arranged
to implement raising and lowering of said valve stem; f) an engaging
element, structured and arranged to attach to said valve stem
adjacent said upper portion of said valve stem and to engage said
controller; and g) an urger structured and arranged to urge said
first sealer towards said valve seat.
2. A multi-function unitary valve system according to claim 1
wherein said controller comprises: a) a receiver system structured
and arranged to removably receive a valve-stem-movement blocker.
3. A multi-function unitary valve system according to claim 2
further comprising: a) a valve-stem-movement blocker, removably
affixable in said receiver system of said controller, structured and
arranged to implement blocking of movement of said valve stem away
from said valve seat blocker.
4. A multi-function unitary valve system according to claim 1
wherein said outlet portion of said valve body comprises a downward
facing faucet opening.
5. A multi-function unitary valve system according to claim 1
wherein said valve riser comprises an integral element of said valve
body.
6. A multi-function unitary valve system according to claim 5
wherein said outlet portion of said valve body comprises a downward
facing faucet opening.
7. A multi-function unitary valve system according to claim 6
wherein said controller comprises an approximately round cylindrical
outer surface having indentations structured and arranged to assist
a user to grip said controller for turning said controller.
8. A multi-function unitary valve system according to claim 1
further comprising an adjuster, disposed within said internal bore,
structured and arranged to adjust said urger.
9. A multi-function unitary valve system for use in a fluid system
containing a fluid and having pressure testing, pressure relief, and
drain/test free fluid flow capability, comprising, in combination:
a) a valve body having an inlet portion, an outlet portion, and a
valve seat; b) a valve riser affixed to said valve body and having
an upper end and having an internal bore; c) a valve stem
concentrically disposed within said valve riser and having an upper
portion and a lower portion; d) a first sealing means for assisting
sealing at said valve seat, affixed to said lower portion of said
valve stem and structured and arranged for engagement with said
valve seat when said valve stem is lowered; e) a control means,
adjustably attached to said upper end of said valve riser, for
implementing raising and lowering of said valve stem; f) an
engagement means, structured and arranged for attachment adjacent
said upper portion of said valve stem, for engaging said control
means; g) an urging means for urging said first sealing means
towards said valve seat; and h) a blocking means, removably affixed
in said control means, for implementing blocking of movement of said
valve stem away from said valve seat.
10. A multi-function unitary valve system according to claim 9
wherein said control means comprises a handle having a threaded
recessed upper portion.
11. A multi-function unitary valve system according to claim 10
wherein said blocking means comprises a blocking plug having an
externally threaded substantially cylindrical portion structured and
arranged for engagement with said threaded recessed upper portion of
said handle.
12. A multi-function unitary valve system according to claim 9
wherein said first sealing means is displaced from said valve seat
when said control means is in a raised position, whereby said
drain/test free fluid flow capability is provided.
13. A multi-function unitary valve system according to claim 9
wherein said first sealing means is removably seated against said
valve seat when said control means is in a lowered position, whereby
said pressure relief capability is provided.
14. A multi-function unitary valve system according to claim 9
wherein said first sealing means is irremovably seated against said
valve seat when said valve stem is blocked by said blocking means,
whereby pressure testing capability is provided.
15. A multi-function unitary valve system according to claim 9
wherein said engagement means comprises a threaded fastener.
16. A multi-function unitary valve system according to claim 15
wherein said upper portion of said valve stem comprises a threaded
portion structured and arranged for engagement with said threaded
fastener.
17. A multi-function unitary valve system according to claim 9
wherein said upper end of said valve riser comprises an upper riser
threaded portion.
18. A multi-function unitary valve system according to claim 17
wherein said handle further comprises a substantially cylindrical
lower end having a threaded interior recess structured and arranged
to engage said upper riser threaded portion.
19. A multi-function unitary valve system according to claim 9
wherein said urging means comprises a helical spring structured and
arranged for location adjacent said upper portion of said valve
stem.
20. A multi-function unitary valve system according to claim 9
wherein: a) said first sealing means is displaced from said valve
seat when said control means is in a raised position, whereby said
drain/test free fluid flow is provided; b) said first sealing means
is removably seated against said valve seat when said control means
is in a lowered position, whereby said pressure relief capability is
provided; and c) said first sealing means is irremovably seated
against said valve seat when said valve stem is blocked by said
blocking means and when said control means is in a lowered position,
whereby pressure testing capability is provided.
21. A multi-function unitary valve system according to claim 9
wherein: a) said engagement means comprises an annular washer; and
b) said first sealing means comprises a valve washer.
22. A multi-function unitary valve system according to claim 19
further comprising a second sealing means, attached to said lower
portion of said valve stem between said helical spring and said
valve seat, for essentially preventing said fluid from contacting
said helical spring.
23. A multi-function unitary valve system according to claim 22
wherein said second sealing means comprises an essentially rubber
material.
24. A multi-function unitary valve system according to claim 9
further comprising an adjustment means, disposed within said
internal bore, for adjusting said urging of said urging means.
25. A multi-function unitary valve system according to claim 9
further comprising: a) a second sealing means, attached to said
lower portion of said valve stem, for essentially preventing said
fluid from contacting said urging means; and b) an adjustment means,
disposed within said internal bore, for adjusting said urging of
said urging means.
26. A multi-function unitary valve system for use in a fluid system
containing a fluid and having pressure testing, pressure relief, and
test/drain free fluid flow capability, comprising, in combination:
a) a valve body having an inlet portion, an outlet portion, and a
valve seat; b) a valve riser, affixed to said valve body, having an
upper riser threaded portion and having an internal bore defined by
a riser inner wall; c) a valve stem concentrically disposed within
said valve riser and having an upper portion and a lower portion; d)
a first sealing means for assisting sealing at said valve seat,
affixed to said lower portion of said valve stem and structured and
arranged for engagement with said valve seat when said valve stem is
lowered; e) a handle having a threaded recessed upper portion and a
substantially cylindrical lower portion having a threaded internal
recess structured and arranged for releasable attachment with said
upper riser threaded portion; f) a blocking plug having an
externally threaded substantially cylindrical lower portion
structured and arranged for engagement with said threaded recessed
upper portion of said handle; g) an engagement means, structured and
arranged for attachment adjacent said upper portion of said valve
stem, for engaging said control means; h) a helical spring, disposed
within said valve riser, for urging said first sealing means against
said valve seat.
27. A multi-function unitary valve system according to claim 26
wherein said riser inner wall comprises a threaded portion.
28. A multi-function unitary valve system according to claim 27
further comprising a tension disk, said tension disk comprising: a)
a substantially cylindrical outer surface comprising external
threads structured and arranged to engage said threaded portion of
said riser inner wall; b) a concentric aperture structured and
arranged to allow unobstructed movement of said valve stem through
said concentric aperture; and c) a bottom disk surface structured
and arranged for engagement with a top coil of said helical spring.
29. A multi-function unitary valve system according to claim 26
further comprising a gasket, attached to said lower portion of said
valve stem, structured and arranged for slidable engagement with
said riser inner wall, whereby said fluid is essentially prevented
from contacting said helical spring.
30. A multi-function unitary valve system according to claim 28
further comprising a gasket, attached to said lower portion of said
valve stem, sized and arranged for slidable engagement with said
riser inner wall, whereby said fluid is essentially prevented from
contacting said helical spring.
31. A multi-function unitary valve system according to claim 26
wherein said handle is structured and arranged to displace said
first sealing means from said valve seat when said handle is in a
raised position whereby said test/drain free fluid flow capability
is provided.
32. A multi-function unitary valve system according to claim 26
wherein said handle is structured and arranged to removably seat
said first sealing means against said valve seat when said handle is
in a lowered position whereby said pressure relief capability is
provided.
33. A multi-function unitary valve system according to claim 26
wherein said handle is structured and arranged to irremovably seat
said first sealing means against said valve seat when: a) said
handle is in a lowered position and b) said blocking plug is affixed
to said handle, c) whereby said pressure test-capability is
provided.
34. A multi-function unitary valve system according to claim 26
wherein: a) said engagement means comprises a threaded fastener; b)
said upper portion of said valve stem comprises a threaded portion
structured and arranged for engagement with said threaded fastener;
and c) said first sealing means comprises a valve washer.
35. A multi-function unitary valve system according to claim 26
wherein: a) said engagement means comprises an annular washer; and
b) said first sealing means comprises a valve washer.
36. A multi-function unitary valve system for use in a fluid system
containing a fluid and having pressure testing, pressure relief, and
drain/test free fluid flow capability, comprising, in combination:
a) a valve body having an inlet portion, an outlet portion, and a
valve seat; b) a valve riser affixed to said valve body and having
an upper end; c) a valve stem concentrically disposed within said
valve riser and having an upper portion and a lower portion; d) a
first sealing means for assisting sealing at said valve seat,
affixed to said lower portion of said valve stem and structured and
arranged for engagement with said valve seat when said valve stem is
lowered; e) a blocking means for implementing blocking of movement
of said valve stem away from said valve seat; f) an urging means for
urging said first sealing means towards said valve seat; and g) a
second sealing means, attached to said lower portion of said valve
stem, for preventing said fluid from.
37. A multi-function unitary valve system according to claim 36
wherein said first sealing means is irremovably seated against said
valve seat when said valve stem is blocked by said blocking means,
whereby pressure testing capability is provided.
38. A multi-function unitary valve system for use with a valve
having a valve seat, a valve washer, a valve stem, a valve riser, a
rotary handle threadedly held by the valve riser, and a blocking
element held by the rotary handle, and providing, for use in a fluid
system containing a fluid, a pressure testing, pressure relief, and
drain/test free fluid flow function, comprising the pressure testing
steps of: a) manipulating the rotary handle until the valve washer
is seated against the valve seat; b) affixing the blocking element
in the rotary handle; c) manipulating the blocking element until the
blocking element contacts the valve stem; d) pressurizing the fluid
system to a pre-determined testing pressure; and e) manipulating the
rotary handle, holding the blocking element, until the valve washer
is displaced from the valve seat, whereby the pressure is relieved
in the fluid system.
39. A multi-function unitary valve system for use in a fluid system
containing a fluid and having pressure testing, pressure relief, and
drain/test free fluid flow capability, comprising, in combination:
a) a valve body having an inlet portion, an outlet portion, and a
valve seat; b) a valve riser affixed to said valve body and having
an upper end; c) a valve stem concentrically disposed within said
valve riser and having an upper portion and a lower portion; d) a
first sealer, to assist sealing at said valve seat, affixed to said
lower portion of said valve stem and structured and arranged for
engagement with said valve seat when said valve stem is lowered; e)
a blocker system structured and arranged to assist implementation of
blocking of movement of said valve stem away from said valve seat;
f) an urger structured and arranged to urge said first sealer
towards said valve seat; and g) a second sealer, attached to said
lower portion of said valve stem, structured and arranged to prevent
said fluid from substantial contact with said urger.
40. A multi-function unitary valve system according to claim 39
wherein said blocker system comprises a blocker element removably
affixable in said valve system.
41. A multi-function unitary valve system according to claim 40
further comprising: a) a controller, adjustably attached to said
valve riser, structured and arranged to implement raising and
lowering of said valve stem; b) wherein said controller is
structured and arranged to removably receive said blocker element.
42. A multi-function unitary valve system according to claim 41
wherein said valve riser comprises an integral element of said valve
body.
43. A multi-function unitary valve system according to claim 42
wherein said outlet portion of said valve body comprises a downward
facing faucet opening.
44. A multi-function unitary valve system according to claim 43
wherein said controller comprises an approximately round cylindrical
outer surface having indentations structured and arranged to assist
a user to grip controller for turning said controller.
45. A riser for connecting a water supply pipe of a structure to a
sprinkler system pipe of the structure comprising, in combination:
a) a first longitudinal pipe, having a first end and a second end,
structured and arranged to connect to the water supply pipe at said
first end and to the sprinkler system pipe at said second end; and
b) extending transversely from said longitudinal pipe and all
aligned in parallel relation along a first side of said longitudinal
pipe, multiple ports, each said port being structured and arranged
to attach to at least one sprinkler system component having at least
one capability selected from the group consisting of i) safety
capabilities ii) test capabilities iii) monitoring capabilities.
46. A riser according to claim 45, further comprising: a) extending
transversely from said first longitudinal pipe along a second side
of said longitudinal pipe about 180 degrees opposed to said first
side, a support, directly attached to said first longitudinal pipe,
structured and arranged to assist attachment of said riser to the
structure.
47. A riser according to claim 45 wherein each said port is
structured and arranged to attach to at least one sprinkler system
component having at least one of the following capabilities: a) a
flow-switch capability for monitoring delivery of the water flow to
sprinklers of the sprinkler system; b) a test-and-drain-valve
capability for testing and draining the sprinkler system; c) a
pressure-gauge capability for monitoring water pressure in the
sprinkler system; d) a relief-valve capability for providing
over-pressure relief for the sprinkler system.
48. A riser according to claim 47 wherein said port nearest said
first end of said longitudinal pipe is structured and arranged to
assist attachment to a flow switch.
49. A riser according to claim 48 wherein: a) said first
longitudinal pipe is no more than about thirteen inches long.
50. A riser according to claim 49 wherein: a) said first
longitudinal pipe is no more than about eleven inches long.
51. A riser according to claim 48 wherein said port nearest said
first end of said first longitudinal pipe comprises a flange
connection structured and arranged to assist direct no-pipe-thread
attachment of a flow switch.
52. A riser according to claim 51 wherein said flange connection is
constructed and arranged for direct no-pipe-thread attachment of a
flow switch of the type comprising a housing including a face plate,
a sensing switch within the housing, a sensing paddle outside the
housing and connected by a connector member through the face plate
to the sensing switch, screw attachments for connecting the face
plate to a flange member, and a cylindrical seal member, co-axial
with the sensing paddle and encircling the connector member, for
sealing a face-plate-to-flange-member connection.
53. A riser according to claim 51 wherein said flange connection
comprises: a) a flange; b) a smooth female bore central to said
flange of said flange connection; c) wherein said flange comprises
at least two flange connectors each structured and arranged to
assist a connection to the flow meter.
54. A riser according to claim 51 wherein said flange connection
comprises: a) a flange; b) a male hollow round cylinder element
extending outwardly and centrally from said flange; c) wherein said
male hollow round cylinder element comprises at least one external
sealer structured and arranged to seal a flow meter of the type
comprising a female bore connector; and d) wherein said flange
comprises at least two flange connectors each structured and
arranged to assist a connection to the flow meter.
55. A riser according to claim 51 wherein said flange connection
comprises: a) a flange; b) wherein said flange comprises external
threads structured and arranged to match internal threads of a flow
meter connection element; and c) wherein an outer face of said
flange comprises a flat surface structured and arranged for sealing
against a face of the flow meter connection element.
56. A riser according to claim 47 wherein said multiple ports
comprises three said ports in the following order in a direction
from said first end of said first longitudinal pipe to said second
end of said first longitudinal pipe: a) a first said port structured
and arranged to attach to at least one sprinkler system component
having at least a flow-switch capability for monitoring delivery of
the water flow to sprinklers of the sprinkler system; b) a second
said port structured and arranged to attach to at least one
sprinkler system component having at least a test-and-drain-valve
capability for testing and draining the sprinkler system and a
relief-valve capability for providing over-pressure relief for the
sprinkler system; c) a third said port structured and arranged to
attach to at least one sprinkler system component having at least a
pressure-gauge capability for monitoring water pressure in the
sprinkler system.
57. A riser according to claim 47 wherein said multiple ports
comprises two said ports in the following order in a direction from
said first end of said first longitudinal pipe to said second end of
said first longitudinal pipe: a) a first said port structured and
arranged to attach to at least one sprinkler system component having
at least a flow-switch capability for monitoring delivery of the
water flow to sprinklers of the sprinkler system; b) a second said
port structured and arranged to attach to at least two sprinkler
system components each having at least one of the following
capabilities: i) a test-and-drain-valve capability for testing and
draining the sprinkler system ii) a relief-valve capability for
providing over-pressure relief for the sprinkler system iii) a
pressure-gauge capability for monitoring water pressure in the
sprinkler system.
58. A riser according to claim 57 wherein said second port is
structured and arranged to attach two sprinkler system components:
a) a first sprinkler system component having a pressure-gauge
capability for monitoring water pressure in the sprinkler system;
and b) a second sprinkler system component having i) a
test-and-drain-valve capability for testing and draining the
sprinkler system, and ii) a relief-valve capability for providing
over-pressure relief for the sprinkler system.
59. A riser according to claim 58 wherein said second port comprises
a second longitudinal pipe extending from and perpendicular to said
first longitudinal pipe and wherein said second longitudinal pipe
comprises two component attachment structures: a) a first component
attachment structure suitable to assist in attaching a pressure
gauge for monitoring water pressure in the sprinkler system; and b)
a second component attachment structure suitable to assist in
attaching a valve having at least a test-and-drain-valve capability
for testing and draining the sprinkler system.
60. A riser according to claim 45 wherein said riser comprises a
molded plastic.
61. A riser according to claim 60 wherein said riser comprises
essentially CPVC.
62. A riser according to claim 45 further comprising: a) at about 90
degrees from said first side of said longitudinal pipe, first
indicia indicating a water flow direction and second indicia
indicating port identifications; and b) at about 270 degrees from
said first side of said longitudinal pipe, third indicia indicating
a water flow direction and fourth indicia indicating port
identifications; c) said indicia comprising legible symbols.
63. A riser according to claim 46 wherein said support comprises
pedestal means including mounting flange means comprising a mounting
hole for assisting attachment of said unitary means to said
structure.
64. A riser according to claim 63 wherein said mounting hole is
slanted away at an acute angle from a direction perpendicular to
said longitudinal pipe.
65. A sprinkler system riser unit for supplying water from a water
supply pipe of a structure to a sprinkler system pipe of said
structure comprising, in combination: a) a first longitudinal pipe,
having a first end and a second end, structured and arranged to
connect to the water supply pipe at said first end and to the
sprinkler system pipe at said second end; and b) extending
transversely from said longitudinal pipe and all aligned in parallel
relation along a first side of said longitudinal pipe, multiple
ports, each said port being structured and arranged to attach to at
least one sprinkler system component having at least one capability
selected from the group consisting of i) safety capabilities ii)
test capabilities iii) monitoring capabilities; c) extending
transversely from said first longitudinal pipe along a second side
of said longitudinal pipe about 180 degrees opposed to said first
side, a support, directly attached to said first longitudinal pipe,
structured and arranged to assist attachment of said riser to the
structure; d) wherein each said port is structured and arranged to
attach to at least one sprinkler system component having at least
one of the following capabilities: i) a flow-switch capability for
monitoring delivery of the water flow to sprinklers of the sprinkler
system; ii) a test-and-drain-valve capability for testing and
draining the sprinkler system; iii) a pressure-gauge capability for
monitoring water pressure in the sprinkler system; iv) a
relief-valve capability for providing over-pressure relief for the
sprinkler system; e) wherein said port nearest said first end of
said longitudinal pipe is structured and arranged to assist
attachment to a flow switch; and f) attached to said riser, the
following said sprinkler system components: i) a flow switch to
monitor delivery of water flow to sprinklers of the sprinkler
system; ii) a multipurpose valve comprising a test and drain valve
to test and drain the sprinkler system, said test and drain valve
including a relief valve to provide over-pressure relief for the
sprinkler system; iii) a pressure gauge to monitor water pressure in
the sprinkler system.
66. A sprinkler system riser unit according to claim 65 wherein said
multipurpose valve comprises, in combination: a) a valve body having
an inlet portion, an outlet portion, and a valve seat; b) a valve
riser affixed to said valve body and having an upper end; c) a valve
stem concentrically disposed within said valve riser and having an
upper portion and a lower portion; d) a first sealer, to assist
sealing at said valve seat, affixed to said lower portion of said
valve stem and structured and arranged for engagement with said
valve seat when said valve stem is lowered; e) a blocker system
structured and arranged to assist implementation of blocking of
movement of said valve stem away from said valve seat; and an urger
structured and arranged to urge said first sealer towards said valve
seat.
67. A sprinkler system riser unit according to claim 66 wherein: a)
said multipurpose valve further comprises a second sealer, attached
to said lower portion of said valve stem, structured and arranged to
essentially prevent said fluid from contacting said urger.
68. A sprinkler system riser unit according to claim 66 wherein said
sprinkler system riser unit is constructed essentially of a molded
plastic.
69. A sprinkler system riser unit according to claim 68 wherein said
sprinkler system riser unit is constructed essentially of molded
CPVC material.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Typically, commercial buildings and an increasing number of
residential structures are provided with fire suppression systems
which dispense a fire suppression medium in the event of a fire.
These fire sprinkler systems typically have a central pipe conduit
from which a labyrinth of individual piping systems containing a
fire suppression medium under pressure are attached. In the event of
a fire, sensors which are attached to the individual piping systems
are activated thereby releasing the pressurized fire suppression
medium in the hopes of quenching the fire. In many instances, the
sudden release of system pressure activates a silent and/or audible
alarm which alerts both those persons which are on the premises and
the local fire authority that a fire is in progress.
Since typical fire suppression systems contain fluids under
pressure, some means are needed to both check the integrity of the
system against leakage and to provide for a means to alleviate
system excess pressure in order to prevent catastrophic system
rupture. In addition, a means is required to drain the system if the
need arises and/or to quickly depressurize the system in order to
check the integrity of the alarm.
Typically, in plumbing fire-control sprinkler connections to a
building water supply, the lower end of a riser pipe will be
connected to a water supply pipe and the upper end will be connected
to an outlet pipe to the sprinkler system, the riser pipe being
stabilized in position by connecting it to the building structure,
as by tying it to a beam. And certain useful components will be
attached by porting to the riser pipe, usually the following: a flow
switch to ascertain whether or not there is a flow in the riser pipe
to the fire sprinkler system and to relay this information where
needed, as to fire departments; a test and drain valve to open the
riser pipe to a drain for the purposes of testing, bleeding, etc; a
pressure gauge to deliver a read-out of the water pressure in the
riser pipe; and a relief valve to open the riser pipe to a drain in
the event a certain (usually settable) water pressure is exceeded in
the riser pipe.
To avoid doing the above as on-the-spot plumbing labor, it has been
attempted for commercial uses to pre-make a steel, epoxy-coated
riser manifold containing ports for the component attachments. Then
such manifold, with or without components attached, may be plumbed
on site for connection to a water inlet and sprinkler outlet. But
there are still many unsolved problems, especially for residential
uses where the sprinkler system is part of a drinkable water system.
Manifolds for riser purposes, especially for residential risers, are
not available with minimum lengths and costs, with efficient
arrangement of ports and of pipe threads for component connection,
with efficient means for supporting the riser in connecting to a
structure, with abilities for safe and efficient use in all
locations in any direction, etc.
Further, efficient riser port and component arrangements have not
achieved their potentials in terms of improved structures, combined
purpose lines, or combined purpose components. This is especially
true in the areas of adapting plastics techniques in novel ways to
such efficient riser, port, and component arrangements.
Additionally, flow switches are normally manufactured for connection
plumbing by way of pipe threads, usually tapered pipe threads;
however, there are many inefficiencies in such a connection.
Eliminating such a connection would permit elimination of: an
unnecessary joint which may be a point of current or future
leakages; a large brass adapter fitting which is supplied with the
flow switch for threaded pipe mounting; the use and need for thread
sealing materials such as Teflon tape or pipe dope; the need for a
large size wrench or pipe wrench (to tighten a 1" N.P.T. tapered
fitting requires a large amount of torque which in turn puts a great
stress upon the entire manifold and pipe system--this stress could
work loose the mounting brackets, screws, etc.); and the need to
carefully orient the final positioning of the flow switch when
rotating (tightening) the switch onto a threaded port for proper
switch operation. Thus, a threaded attachment means, utilizing
tapered pipe thread, provides a potential point of leakage,
additional labor to assemble, unnecessary components and added cost.
There is a need in the industry for an improved method and product
for flow switch connection and for lower overall cost.
Even further, considering the fact that valves typically use springs
in order to have pressure relief capability, a means is needed to
insulate the valve spring from the system fluid in order to increase
the useful life of the valve. To accomplish some of the
above-mentioned valve requirements, typical fire suppression systems
incorporate a multi-valve system which includes individual pressure
relief valves, gate valves and lateral piping arrangements. Though
these multi-valve systems are adequate to perform some of the
above-mentioned requirements, they in turn require multiple
components and a separate piping system necessitating an increase in
expense and space requirements. Information relevant to attempts to
address these problems can be found in, e.g., U.S. Pat. No.
5,662,139. However, the elongated handle described therein may be
vulnerable to accidental movement. In addition, the relatively short
travel distance along the cammed surface between the open and closed
position may result in the "water hammer" effect which arises when a
fluid flow through a piping system is suddenly terminated, thereby
creating a reverberating pressure wave. And, in addition to other
disadvantages, current such valves do not provide a means to
insulate the spring from the system fluid.
Thus, there exists a need for a new and improved unitary valve
system for use in fire suppression systems which provides for a
choice between pressure test, pressure relief, and drain/test fluid
flow capability, and which is less subject to accidental opening and
closing and a system which is less prone to the creation of the
water hammer effect. In addition, there exists a need for a means to
insulate the spring from the system fluid in order to increase the
useful life of the valve.
And also, for the foregoing reasons, there is a need for a
fire-control sprinkler system with improved riser, component, and
arrangement structures of the kind below described.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
A primary object of the present invention is to fulfill the
above-mentioned needs by the provision of a multi-function unitary
valve system for providing pressure test, pressure relief, and
drain/test fluid flow capability. A further primary object of the
present invention is to provide such a system which is efficient,
inexpensive, easy to use, as well as overcoming the other
above-mentioned problems. Another primary object of the present
invention is to fulfill the above-mentioned needs by the provision
of a sprinkler riser system having an efficient unitary manifold
construction. A further object is to provide an improved method of
component connection. A further primary object of the present
invention is to provide such a fire-control sprinkler system which
is efficient and inexpensive, as well as overcoming the other
abovementioned problems. Other objects of this invention will become
apparent with reference to the following invention descriptions.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, there
is provided a multi-function unitary valve system for use in a fluid
system containing a fluid and having pressure testing, pressure
relief, and drain/test free fluid flow capability, comprising, in
combination: a valve body having an inlet portion, an outlet
portion, and a valve seat; a valve riser affixed to such valve body
and having an exterior surface and an internal bore; a valve stem
concentrically disposed within such valve riser and having an upper
portion and a lower portion; a first sealer, to assist sealing at
such valve seat, affixed to such lower portion of such valve stem
and structured and arranged for engagement with such valve seat when
such valve stem is lowered; a controller, adjustably attached to
such exterior surface of such valve riser, structured and arranged
to implement raising and lowering of such valve stem; an engaging
element, structured and arranged to attach to such valve stem
adjacent such upper portion of such valve stem and to engage such
controller; and an urger structured and arranged to urge such first
sealer towards such valve seat.
Further, in accordance with a preferred embodiment thereof, this
invention provides a multi-function unitary valve system for use in
a fluid system containing a fluid and having pressure testing,
pressure relief, and drain/test free fluid flow capability,
comprising, in combination: a valve body having an inlet portion, an
outlet portion, and a valve seat; a valve riser affixed to such
valve body and having an upper end and having an internal bore; a
valve stem concentrically disposed within such valve riser and
having an upper portion and a lower portion; a first sealing means
for assisting sealing at such valve seat, affixed to such lower
portion of such valve stem and structured and arranged for
engagement with such valve seat when such valve stem is lowered; a
control means, adjustably attached to such upper end of such valve
riser, for implementing raising and lowering of such valve stem; an
engagement means, structured and arranged for attachment adjacent
such upper portion of such valve stem, for engaging such control
means; an urging means for urging such first sealing means towards
such valve seat; and a blocking means, removably affixed in such
control means, for implementing blocking of movement of such valve
stem away from such valve seat.
Also, it provides such a system wherein such control means comprises
a handle having a threaded recessed upper portion; and, further,
wherein such blocking means comprises a blocking plug having an
externally threaded substantially cylindrical portion structured and
arranged for engagement with such threaded recessed upper portion of
such handle. And it provides such a system wherein such first
sealing means is displaced from such valve seat when such control
means is in a raised position, whereby such drain/test free fluid
flow capability is provided.
Further, it provides such a system wherein such first sealing means
is removably seated against such valve seat when such control means
is in a lowered position, whereby such pressure relief capability is
provided. Also, it provides such a system wherein such first sealing
means is irremovably seated against such valve seat when such valve
stem is blocked by such blocking means, whereby pressure testing
capability is provided.
Moreover, the present invention provides such a multi-function
unitary valve system wherein such engagement means comprises a
threaded fastener. It also provides such a system wherein an upper
portion of such valve stem comprises a threaded portion structured
and arranged for engagement with such threaded fastener. Further, it
provides such a system wherein such upper end of such valve riser
comprises an upper riser threaded portion. Still further, it
provides such a system wherein such handle further comprises a
substantially cylindrical lower end having a threaded interior
recess structured and arranged to engage such upper riser threaded
portion. Also it provides such a system wherein such urging means
comprises a helical spring structured and arranged for location
adjacent such upper portion of such valve stem.
In addition, the present invention provides such a multi-function
unitary valve system wherein: such first sealing means is displaced
from such valve seat when such control means is in a raised
position, whereby such drain/test free fluid flow is provided; such
first sealing means is removably seated against such valve seat when
such control means is in a lowered position, whereby such pressure
relief capability is provided; and such first sealing means is
irremovably seated against such valve seat when such valve stem is
blocked by such blocking means and when such control means is in a
lowered position, whereby pressure testing capability is provided.
It also provides such a system wherein such engagement means
comprises an annular washer and such first sealing means comprises a
valve washer.
In addition, the present invention provides such a multi-function
unitary valve system further comprising a second sealing means,
attached to such lower portion of such valve stem between such
helical spring and such valve seat, for essentially preventing such
fluid from contacting such helical spring. Also, it provides such a
system wherein such second sealing means comprises an essentially
rubber material. Still further, it provides such a system further
comprising an adjustment means, disposed within such internal bore,
for adjusting such urging of such urging means. Even further, it
provides such a system further comprising: a second sealing means,
attached to such lower portion of such valve stem, for essentially
preventing such fluid from contacting such urging means; and an
adjustment means, disposed within such internal bore, for adjusting
such urging of such urging means.
Further, in accordance with a preferred embodiment thereof, this
invention provides a multi-function unitary valve system for use in
a fluid system containing a fluid and having pressure testing,
pressure relief, and test/drain free fluid flow capability,
comprising, in combination: a valve body having an inlet portion, an
outlet portion, and a valve seat; a valve riser, affixed to such
valve body, having an upper riser threaded portion and having an
internal bore defined by a riser inner wall; a valve stem
concentrically disposed within such valve riser and having an upper
portion and a lower portion; a first sealing means for assisting
sealing at such valve seat, affixed to such lower portion of such
valve stem and structured and arranged for engagement with such
valve seat when such valve stem is lowered; a handle having a
threaded recessed upper portion and a substantially cylindrical
lower portion having a threaded internal recess structured and
arranged for releasable attachment with such upper riser threaded
portion; a blocking plug having an externally threaded substantially
cylindrical lower portion structured and arranged for engagement
with such threaded recessed upper portion of such handle, an
engagement means, structured and arranged for attachment adjacent
such upper portion of such valve stem, for engaging such control
means; a helical spring, disposed within such valve riser, for
urging such first sealing means against such valve seat. And it
provides such a system wherein such riser inner wall comprises a
threaded portion.
Yet in addition, it provides such a system further comprising a
tension disk, such tension disk comprising: a substantially
cylindrical outer surface comprising external threads structured and
arranged to engage such threaded portion of such riser inner wall; a
concentric aperture structured and arranged to allow unobstructed
movement of such valve stem through such concentric aperture; and a
bottom disk surface structured and arranged for engagement with a
top coil of such helical spring. And it provides such a system
further comprising a gasket, attached to such lower portion of such
valve stem, structured and arranged for slidable engagement with
such riser inner wall, whereby such fluid is essentially prevented
from contacting such helical spring. It also provides such a system
further comprising a gasket, attached to such lower portion of such
valve stem, sized and arranged for slidable engagement with such
riser inner wall, whereby such fluid is essentially prevented from
contacting such helical spring.
Even moreover, this invention provides such a system wherein such
handle is structured and arranged to displace such first sealing
means from such valve seat when such handle is in a raised position
whereby such test/drain free fluid flow capability is provided. And
it provides such a system wherein such handle is structured and
arranged to removably seat such first sealing means against such
valve seat when such handle is in a lowered position whereby such
pressure relief capability is provided. It also provides such a
system wherein such handle is structured and arranged to irremovably
seat such first sealing means against such valve seat when: said
handle is in a lowered position and said blocking plug is affixed to
such handle, whereby such pressure test capability is provided. And
it provides such a system wherein: said engagement means comprises a
threaded fastener; said upper portion of such valve stem comprises a
threaded portion structured and arranged for engagement with such
threaded fastener; and said first sealing means comprises a valve
washer; and, further, wherein said engagement means comprises an
annular washer, and said first sealing means comprises a valve
washer.
Yet further, according to a preferred embodiment thereof, this
invention provides a multifunction unitary valve system for use in a
fluid system containing a fluid and having pressure testing,
pressure relief, and drain/test free fluid flow capability,
comprising, in combination: a valve body having an inlet portion, an
outlet portion, and a valve seat; a valve riser affixed to such
valve body and having an upper end; a valve stem concentrically
disposed within such valve riser and having an upper portion and a
lower portion; a first sealing means for assisting sealing at such
valve seat, affixed to such lower portion of such valve stem and
structured and arranged for engagement with such valve seat when
such valve stem is lowered; a blocking means for implementing
blocking of movement of such valve stem away from such valve seat,
and an urging means for urging such first sealing means towards such
valve seat; and a second sealing means, attached to such lower
portion of such valve stem, for essentially preventing such fluid
from contacting such urging means. And it provides such a system
wherein such first sealing means is irremovably seated against such
valve seat when such valve stem is blocked by such blocking means,
whereby pressure testing capability is provided.
Additionally, in accordance with a preferred embodiment, this
invention provides a multi-function unitary valve system for use
with a valve having a valve seat, a valve washer, a valve stem, a
valve riser, a rotary handle threadedly held by such valve riser,
and a blocking element held by such rotary handle, and providing,
for use in a fluid system containing a fluid, a pressure testing,
pressure relief, and drain/test free fluid flow function, comprising
the pressure testing steps of: manipulating such rotary handle until
such valve washer is seated against such valve seat; affixing such
blocking element in such rotary handle; manipulating such blocking
element until such blocking element contacts such valve stem;
pressurizing such fluid system to a pre-determined testing pressure;
and manipulating such rotary handle, holding such blocking element,
until such valve washer is displaced from such valve seat, whereby
such pressure is relieved in such fluid system.
It further provides such a valve system wherein such controller
comprises a receiver system structured and arranged to removably
receive a valve-stem-movement blocker; and, also, further comprising
a such valve-stem-movement blocker, removably affixable in such
receiver system of such controller, structured and arranged to
implement blocking of movement of such valve stem away from such
valve seat. And it provides such a system wherein such outlet
portion of such valve body comprises a downward facing faucet
opening; and, further, wherein such valve riser comprises an
integral element of such valve body; and, further, wherein such
outlet portion of such valve body comprises a downward facing faucet
opening; and, further, wherein said controller comprises an
approximately round cylindrical outer surface having indentations
structured and arranged to assist a user to grip such controller for
turning such controller. It also provides such a system further
comprising an adjuster, disposed within such internal bore,
structured and arranged to adjust such urger.
Moreover, according to a preferred embodiment thereof, this
invention provides a multi-function unitary valve system for use in
a fluid system containing a fluid and having pressure testing,
pressure relief, and drain/test free fluid flow capability,
comprising, in combination: a valve body having an inlet portion, an
outlet portion, and a valve seat; a valve riser affixed to such
valve body and having an upper end; a valve stem concentrically
disposed within such valve riser and having an upper portion and a
lower portion; a first sealer, to assist sealing at such valve seat,
affixed to such lower portion of such valve stem and structured and
arranged for engagement with such valve seat when such valve stem is
lowered; a blocker system structured and arranged to assist
implementation of blocking of movement of such valve stem away from
such valve seat; an urger structured and arranged to urge such first
sealer towards such valve seat; and a second sealer, attached to
such lower portion of such valve stem, structured and arranged to
essentially prevent such fluid from contacting such urger.
Further, it provides such a system wherein such blocker system
comprises a blocker element removably affixable in such valve
system; and, also, further comprising a controller, adjustably
attached to such valve riser, structured and arranged to implement
raising and lowering of such valve stem, wherein such controller is
structured and arranged to removably receive such blocker element;
and, further, wherein such valve riser comprises an integral element
of such valve body; and, further, wherein such outlet portion of
such valve body comprises a downward facing faucet opening; and,
further, wherein such controller comprises an approximately round
cylindrical outer surface having indentations structured and
arranged to assist a user to grip such controller for turning such
controller.
Yet in addition, according to a preferred embodiment thereof, this
invention provides a riser of the type connecting a water supply
pipe of a structure to a sprinkler system pipe of the structure
comprising, in combination: a first longitudinal pipe, having a
first end and a second end, structured and arranged to connect to
the water supply pipe at such first end and to the sprinkler system
pipe at such second end; and extending transversely from such
longitudinal pipe and all aligned in parallel relation along a first
side of such longitudinal pipe, multiple ports, each such port being
structured and arranged to attach to at least one sprinkler system
component having at least one capability selected from the group
consisting of safety capabilities, test capabilities, and monitoring
capabilities.
Also, it provides such a riser further comprising, extending
transversely from such first longitudinal pipe along a second side
of such longitudinal pipe about 180 degrees opposed to such first
side, a support, directly attached to such first longitudinal pipe,
structured and arranged to assist attachment of such riser to the
structure. And it provides such a riser wherein each such port is
structured and arranged to attach to at least one sprinkler system
component having at least one of the following capabilities: a
flow-switch capability for monitoring delivery of the water flow to
sprinklers of the sprinkler system; a test-and-drain-valve
capability for testing and draining the sprinkler system; a
pressure-gauge capability for monitoring water pressure in the
sprinkler system; a relief-valve capability for providing
over-pressure relief for the sprinkler system. It also provides such
a system wherein such port nearest such first end of such
longitudinal pipe is structured and arranged to assist attachment to
a flow switch; and, further, wherein said first longitudinal pipe is
no more than about thirteen inches long; and, further, wherein said
first longitudinal pipe is no more than about eleven inches long.
And it provides such a riser wherein such port nearest such first
end of such first longitudinal pipe comprises a flange connection
structured and arranged to assist direct no-pipe-thread attachment
of a flow switch.
It further provides such a riser wherein such flange connection is
constructed and arranged for direct no-pipe-thread attachment of a
flow switch of the type comprising a housing including a face plate,
a sensing switch within the housing, a sensing paddle outside the
housing and connected by a connector member through the face plate
to the sensing switch, screw attachments for connecting the face
plate to a flange member, and a cylindrical seal member, co-axial
with the sensing paddle and encircling the connector member, for
sealing a face-plate-to-flange-member connection. And it provides
such a riser wherein such flange connection comprises: a flange; a
smooth female bore central to such flange of such flange connection;
wherein such flange comprises at least two flange connectors each
structured and arranged to assist a connection to the flow meter.
And it provides such a riser wherein such flange connection
comprises: a flange; a male hollow round cylinder element extending
outwardly and centrally from such flange; wherein such male hollow
round cylinder element comprises at least one external sealer
structured and arranged to seal a flow meter of the type comprising
a female bore connector; wherein such flange comprises at least two
flange connectors each structured and arranged to assist a
connection to the flow meter. It also provides such a riser wherein
such flange connection comprises: a flange; wherein such flange
comprises external threads structured and arranged to match internal
threads of a flow meter connection element; and wherein an outer
face of such flange comprises a flat surface structured and arranged
for sealing against a face of the flow meter connection element.
Furthermore, it provides such a riser wherein such multiple ports
comprises three such ports in the following order in a direction
from such first end of such first longitudinal pipe to such second
end of such first longitudinal pipe: a first such port structured
and arranged to attach to at least one sprinkler system component
having at least a flow-switch capability for monitoring delivery of
the water flow to sprinklers of the sprinkler system; a second such
port structured and arranged to attach to at least one sprinkler
system component having at least a test-and-drain-valve capability
for testing and draining the sprinkler system and a relief-valve
capability for providing over-pressure relief for the sprinkler
system; a third such port structured and arranged to attach to at
least one sprinkler system component having at least a pressuregauge
capability for monitoring water pressure in the sprinkler system.
It also provides such a riser wherein such multiple ports comprises
two such ports in the following order in a direction from such first
end of such first longitudinal pipe to such second end of such first
longitudinal pipe: a first such port structured and arranged to
attach to at least one sprinkler system component having at least a
flow-switch capability for monitoring delivery of the water flow to
sprinklers of the sprinkler system; a second such port structured
and arranged to attach to at least two sprinkler system components
each having at least one of the following capabilities: a
test-and-drain-valve capability for testing and draining the
sprinkler system, a relief-valve capability for providing
over-pressure relief for the sprinkler system, a pressure-gauge
capability for monitoring water pressure in the sprinkler system. It
also provides such a riser wherein such second port is structured
and arranged to attach to two sprinkler system components: a first
sprinkler system component having a pressure-gauge capability for
monitoring water pressure in the sprinkler system; and a second
sprinkler system component having a test-and-drain-valve capability
for testing and draining the sprinkler system, and a relief-valve
capability for providing over-pressure relief for the sprinkler
system.
Yet in addition, it provides such a riser wherein such second port
comprises a second longitudinal pipe extending from and
perpendicular to such first longitudinal pipe and wherein such
second longitudinal pipe comprises two component attachment
structures: a first component attachment structure suitable to
assist in attaching a pressure gauge for monitoring water pressure
in the sprinkler system; and a second component attachment structure
suitable to assist in attaching a valve having at least a
test-and-drain-valve capability for testing and draining the
sprinkler system; and, further, wherein such riser comprises a
molded plastic; and, further, wherein such riser comprises
essentially CPVC. It also provides such a riser further comprising:
at about 90 degrees from such first side of such longitudinal pipe,
first indict indicating a water flow direction and second indict
indicating port identifications; and at about 270 degrees from such
first side of such longitudinal pipe, third indict indicating a
water flow direction and fourth indict indicating port
identifications; said indict comprising symbols raised above a
surface level of such riser. It also provides such a riser wherein
such support comprises pedestal means including mounting flange
means comprising a mounting hole for assisting attachment of such
unitary means to such structure; and, further, wherein such mounting
hole is slanted away at an acute angle from a direction
perpendicular to such longitudinal pipe.
Moreover, according to a preferred embodiment thereof, this
invention provides a sprinkler system riser unit for supplying water
from a water supply pipe of a structure to a sprinkler system pipe
of such structure comprising, in combination: a first longitudinal
pipe, having a first end and a second end, structured and arranged
to connect to the water supply pipe at such first end and to the
sprinkler system pipe at such second end; and extending transversely
from such longitudinal pipe and all aligned in parallel relation
along a first side of such longitudinal pipe, multiple ports, each
such port being structured and arranged to attach to at least one
sprinkler system component having at least one capability selected
from the group consisting of safety capabilities, test capabilities,
and monitoring capabilities; extending transversely from such first
longitudinal pipe along a second side of such longitudinal pipe
about 180 degrees opposed to such first side, a support, directly
attached to such first longitudinal pipe, structured and arranged to
assist attachment of such riser to the structure; wherein each such
port is structured and arranged to attach to at least one sprinkler
system component having at least one of the following capabilities:
a flow-switch capability for monitoring delivery of the water flow
to sprinklers of the sprinkler system; a test-and-drain-valve
capability for testing and draining the sprinkler system; a
pressure-gauge capability for monitoring water pressure in the
sprinkler system; a relief-valve capability for providing
over-pressure relief for the sprinkler system; wherein such port
nearest such first end of such longitudinal pipe is structured and
arranged to assist attachment to a flow switch; and attached to such
riser, the following such sprinkler system components: a flow switch
to monitor delivery of water flow to sprinklers of the sprinkler
system; a multipurpose valve comprising a test and drain valve to
test and drain the sprinkler system, such test and drain valve
including a relief valve to provide over-pressure relief for the
sprinkler system; a pressure gauge to monitor water pressure in the
sprinkler system.
And it provides such a riser unit wherein such multipurpose valve
comprises, in combination: a valve body having an inlet portion, an
outlet portion, and a valve seat; a valve riser affixed to such
valve body and having an upper end; a valve stem concentrically
disposed within such valve riser and having an upper portion and a
lower portion; a first sealer, to assist sealing at such valve seat,
affixed to such lower portion of such valve stem and structured and
arranged for engagement with such valve seat when such valve stem is
lowered; a blocker system structured and arranged to assist
implementation of blocking of movement of such valve stem away from
such valve seat; and an urger structured and arranged to urge such
first sealer towards such valve seat. And it provides such a riser
unit wherein said multipurpose valve further comprises a second
sealer, attached to such lower portion of such valve stem,
structured and arranged to essentially prevent such fluid from
contacting such urger.
It further provides such a riser manifold unitary means wherein such
riser manifold unitary means is constructed essentially of a molded
plastic material; and, further, wherein such riser manifold unitary
means is constructed essentially of a molded CPVC material.
Also, according to a preferred embodiment thereof, this invention
provides, in a system for connecting a flow switch to a longitudinal
pipe for monitoring water flow through such longitudinal pipe, such
flow switch being of the type comprising a housing including a face
plate, a sensing switch within such housing, a sensing paddle
outside such housing and connected by a connector member through
such face plate to such sensing switch, screw attachments for
connecting such face plate to a flange member, and a cylindrical
seal member, co-axial with such sensing paddle and encircling such
connector member, for sealing such face-plate-to-flange connection,
the steps of: providing an attachment pipe extending transversely
from such longitudinal pipe along a first side of such longitudinal
pipe, such attachment pipe comprising, at an outer end of such
attachment pipe, a flange, comprising a cylindrical counterbore
co-axial with such attachment pipe, for direct no-pipe-thread
attachment of such flow switch to such attachment pipe in such
manner that such flow switch may monitor water flow through such
longitudinal pipe; providing a such disassembled such flow switch
with such face plate, such sensing paddle and connector member, and
such seal member; inserting such sensing paddle through such
counterbore into such attachment pipe in such manner that such seal
member rests essentially within such counterbore; connecting such
face plate to such flange with such screw attachments in such manner
as to seal such face-plate-to-flange connection with such sensing
paddle in place for such monitoring and permit such connector member
to pass through such face plate in position for connection to such
sensing switch; reconnecting such connector member to such sensing
switch; and reconnecting such housing to reassemble such flow
switch.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the
sprinkler system riser unit of the present invention, showing
sprinkler system components attached.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the riser manifold (riser) of the
preferred embodiment of FIG. 1 without components attached.
FIG. 3 is a front view, partially in section, of a matching
embodiment of the flow meter switch attachment to the riser manifold
flow meter port of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional plan view of the embodiment of FIG. 3.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the riser
manifold flow meter port of the sprinkler system riser unit of the
present invention.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional plan view of the embodiment of FIG. 5,
showing also the connector parts of a matching flow meter.
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of yet another preferred embodiment of
the riser manifold flow meter port of the sprinkler system riser
unit of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is cross-sectional plan view of the embodiment of FIG. 7,
showing also the connector parts of a matching flow meter.
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of another preferred embodiment of a
riser manifold according to the present invention, with a preferred
embodiment of a test, drain and pressure relief valve attached.
FIG. 10 is an exploded view of the test, drain and pressure relief
valve major components according to a preferred embodiment of the
present invention illustrated in FIG. 9.
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the test, drain and pressure
relief valve embodiment illustrated in FIG. 9.
FIG. 12 is an exploded view of another preferred embodiment of the
test, drain and pressure relief valve components of the present
invention as illustrated in FIG. 1
FIG. 13 is a cross sectional view of the test, drain and pressure
relief valve embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 12.
FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of another preferred embodiment of
the valve system of the present invention in pressure relief mode.
FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the preferred embodiment of the
valve system of FIG. 14 with blocking plug installed for pressure
test mode.
FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of the of the preferred embodiment
of the valve system of FIG. 14 with valve open for flow test mode.
FIG. 17 is a perspective view of the of the preferred embodiment of
the valve system of FIG. 14 of the present invention.
FIG. 18 is a side view of the of the preferred embodiment of the
valve system of FIG. 14 of the present invention installed in-line
in a pressurized water fire sprinkler system.
FIG. 19 is a partial cross-sectional view of yet another alternate
preferred embodiment of the valve system.
FIG. 20 is a perspective view of the tension disk for use in the
alternate preferred embodiment of FIG. 19.
FIG. 21 is a partial cross-sectional view of the alternate preferred
valve system of FIG. 19 showing the location of the tension disk.
FIG. 22 is a partial cross sectional view of the valve system of
FIG. 19 showing a preferred valve stem arrangement.
FIG. 23 is an elevation view showing the details of the preferred
valve stem arrangement for use with the valve system of FIG. 19.
FIG. 24 is a cross sectional view of an alternate preferred
embodiment of a blocking plug.
FIG. 25 is a partial cross sectional view showing the arrangement of
the blocking plug of FIG. 24 on the valve system so as to provide
pressure test capability.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT AND THE BEST MODE OF
PRACTICE
Shown in FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of
the sprinkler system riser unit of the present invention illustrated
as preferably connected (with attached components) in a residential
structure; and FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a preferred
embodiment of the sprinkler system riser manifold only. With
particular reference to FIG. 1, the riser unit 150 is preferably a
component of a water sprinkler system for a residential fire
protection system. The riser unit 150 includes components used for
monitoring delivery of water to the sprinklers, monitoring water
pressure, providing system over-pressure relief, and testing and
draining the water sprinkler system. Riser unit 150 incorporates a
riser manifold unitary means embodied by the one-piece manifold 151
to assist in making connections to the above-mentioned components as
well as water system connections, all as hereinafter described.
Manifold 151 incorporates support means (for assisting attachment of
the riser manifold unitary means to the structure) embodied by two
pedestals 152 for stabilizing of the riser unit 150 by attachment of
the riser unit 150 to a convenient location of the residence's
structure. The riser unit 150 connects the residence's water piping
to the sprinkler system by two connections onto manifold 151: to
connect to inlet means embodied by water supply pipe 154 and
standard pipe coupling 158 at the inlet 160; and to connect to
outlet means embodied by sprinkler plumbing pipe 161 and standard
pipe coupling 162 at the outlet 163. Other suitable fittings may be
used. Manifold 151 includes pipe thread attachment locations (on its
side facing direction B, as shown in FIG. 2) for system components
as illustrated: flow switch means embodied by flow switch 165; test,
drain and relief valve means embodied by test, drain and relief
valve 166; pressure gauge means embodied by pressure gauge 168.
There are also connections to riser unit 150 of a drain pipe 169 at
drain connection means embodied by elbow-fitting 170.
With particular reference to FIG. 2 and continued reference to FIG.
1, the riser unit 150 includes means for conveniently grouping,
connecting and securely mounting various components of a fire
prevention water sprinkler system. Although water sprinkler systems
are custom tailored for each application with a varying quantity of
sprinkler heads and a varying layout of interconnecting plumbing,
the system components of riser unit 150 remain reasonably consistent
with most applications; and the teachings of the present invention
will apply even if in a particular application only two ports for
the described system components are cast into manifold 151 (as
embodied and further shown in FIG. 9). The functioning of all the
preferred components is as follows. A pressure gauge 168 indicates
the pressure within the system and is monitored for indication that
ample pressure is available in the event that the sprinklers will be
activated. Over-pressurization of a closed system can occur, from
thermal expansion or other reasons. In a preferred embodiment of the
present invention, a multi-function unitary valve system for
providing pressure test, pressure relief, and drain/test fluid flow
capability is provided and illustrated in FIG. 12 and FIG. 13. An
alternate embodiment of the multi-function unitary valve system for
providing pressure test, pressure relief, and drain/test fluid flow
capability is provided and illustrated in FIG. 9, FIG. 10 and FIG.
11.
Referring now to FIG. 13, valve 180, is shown in cross-sectional
view. Valve 180 consists of a standard globe valve body 182
(well-known to those skilled in the art) of a predetermined size
(readily selectable by those skilled in the art) and having a fluid
inlet side 183, a fluid outlet side 184 and having an internally
threaded upper portion 186. Disposed within the valve body 182 is a
valve seat 187 which is structured and arranged to engage a valve
washer 188. The valve washer 188 is preferably attached to valve
stem 190 by use of a metal screw 192 which is sized and arranged to
engage an internally threaded recess 193 disposed within the bottom
end 194 of valve stem 190 (preferably made of brass). The screw 192
is further secured to the valve stem 190 with the use of a screw
thread locking product, preferably the product known as "Loctite"
(.TM.) (preferably product #271 available from Loctite Corporation
of Newington, Conn.)]. Also, as shown in FIG. 10, the use of a lock
washer 319, of the type readily selectable by one skilled in such
art, is preferably used to further secure the screw to the valve
stem 316 (and 190 in FIG. 13).
To accomplish pressure relief capability, valve 180 incorporates the
use of a valve stem helical spring 196 which exerts a predetermined
pressure on the valve stem bottom end 194 and the valve washer 188.
The valve stem helical spring 196 embodies herein an urging means
for urging such valve washer towards such valve seat 187; and it
also embodies an urger structured and arranged to urge such first
sealer towards such valve seat. The predetermined pressure is that
pressure which is required to maintain the valve washer 188 against
the valve seat 187 during standard fire sprinkler system operating
pressure. The "not to exceed" predetermined pressure for fire
sprinkler water systems is typically 175 psi. Upon a given fire
suppression system exceeding this predetermined pressure, valve
washer 188 will be displaced (provided that valve stem 190 is not
otherwise blocked from moving) from the valve seat 187 thereby
relieving system pressure (by releasing pressurized system fluid
through fluid outlet side 184) and thus preventing damage to the
system components. When the system pressure has returned to the
operating "not to exceed" pressure, spring 196 automatically urges
valve washer 188 against valve seat 187 thereby sealing the system
from further fluid loss.
Also shown in FIG. 13 is a valve riser 198, preferably made of a
metal material (brass), and having a threaded upper portion 199, a
threaded lower portion 200, and having an internal bore portion 202
therein. The threaded lower portion 200 of valve riser 198 is sized
to frictionally engage the internally threaded upper portion 186 of
valve body 182. To assist in maintaining a tight connection between
valve riser 198 and valve body 182, a thread tightening product,
preferably "Loctite" (TM), may be applied to the threaded lower
portion 200 of valve riser 198 and the internally threaded upper
portion 186 of valve body 182. Internal bore portion 202 comprises a
first bore section 204 and a second bore section 205. As shown in
FIG. 13, first bore section 204 has a diameter greater than the
second bore section 205 which is necessary to house spring 196 as
shown. The second bore section 205 is sized so as to allow for
unobstructed movement of the valve stem 190 therein when the valve
is arranged for pressure relief capability (locking plug 208 not
installed). As FIG. 13 further illustrates, the present invention
also provides for a valve handle 210, preferably of the rotary type
and preferably made of a metal material. Valve handle 210 comprises
a lower portion 211 having a lower internally threaded recess 212,
and an upper portion 214 having an upper internally threaded recess
215. Separating each respective recess 212 and 215 is a center
portion 216 having an axial hole 218 sized so as to allow
unobstructed movement of valve stem 190 therein when valve 180 is
arranged for pressure relief capability. The lower internally
threaded recess 212 of valve handle 210 is structured and arranged
for adjustable attachment to the threaded upper portion 199 of valve
riser 198. In operation, opening of valve 180 consists of
manipulating the valve handle 210 (preferably by manually turning
valve handle 210 counterclockwise) until the valve washer 188 is
displaced from the valve seat 187. To facilitate lifting of the
valve stem 190, a threaded fastener (preferably a stem bolt 220 as
further shown in FIG. 12) is attached, preferably by threaded
attachment, to the valve stem upper portion 222 (preferably having a
threaded portion). Preferably stem bolt 220 also secures a washer
221 and a substantially annular tension disk 224, preferably
consisting of a metal material and having a preferred thickness of
about 1/4 inch, for use in adjusting the tension on spring 196 so as
to more thoroughly ensure that when-the system pressure achieves the
above mentioned "not-to-exceed" system pressure, the valve washer
188 is displaced from the valve seat 187. Stem bolt 220 embodies
herein an engagement means, structured and arranged for attachment
adjacent such upper portion of such valve stem, for engaging such
control means; and it also embodies an engaging element, structured
and arranged to attach to such valve stem adjacent such upper
portion of such valve stem and to engage such controller.
As shown in perspective in FIG. 12, the tension disk 224 is provided
with a concentric aperture 225, sized to allow unobstructed movement
of valve stem 190 therethrough, and is further provided with
substantially cylindrical outer surface threaded portion 235 which
is structured and arranged to engage the valve riser upper portion
199. Preferably, adjusting the tension in spring 196 consists of
engaging the outer surface threaded portion 235 with the valve riser
upper portion 199 and turning (in well known ways) the tension disk
224 so that it recedes into the internal bore portion 202. When so
positioned, the planar bottom surface 236 of tension disk 224 is in
contact with the top coil 238 of spring 196, as shown in FIG. 12.
Subsequent such turns of the tension disk 224 results in further
compression of spring 196 (with a resultant increase in spring
tension) resulting in a corresponding increase in the system
pressure required to unseat the valve washer 188 from the valve seat
187. The tension disk 224 embodies herein an adjustment means,
disposed within such internal bore, for adjusting such urging of
such urging means; and it also embodies an adjuster, disposed within
said internal bore, structured and arranged to adjust said urger. To
avoid accidental or unauthorized adjustment of the tension in spring
196, it is preferred (and often required by applicable safety codes)
that spring 196 be factory adjusted prior to installing the valve
180 in the particular fluid system and that the tension disk 224 be
secured after adjustment by a suitable thread tightening product,
preferably the aforementioned Loctite (.TM.) product. To prevent
fluid from escaping around valve stem 190 when the valve 180 is in
an open position, an O-ring-type gasket 226, of the kind readily
selectable by one with ordinary skill in such art, is attached to a
circumferential groove 228 on valve stem 190, as shown in FIG. 12.
Preferably, in one embodiment the valve 180 may also be structured
and arranged to pressure test fire suppression systems as described
below. Typically, hydrostatic pressure testing is required in piping
systems in order to ascertain the integrity of such systems against
leakage and/or faulty components. Commercial fire sprinkler systems
typically require a test pressure of approximately 200 psi. Since
the test pressure typically exceeds the system pressure which will
activate the pressure relief function, this embodiment provides for
a blocking plug 208 which is structured and arranged to block
movement of the valve stem 190 when the system "not to exceed"
pressure is exceeded. The blocking plug 208 is preferably made of a
metal material and has a bottom surface 229, a plug upper portion
230 with a slot 232 for adjustment and a cylindrical externally
threaded plug lower portion 231. Obtaining pressure test capability
is achieved by simply turning valve handle 210 until valve washer
188 is seated against valve seat 187. The blocking plug 208 is then
installed in valve handle 210 by attaching, preferably by a threaded
attachment, the externally threaded plug lower portion 231 to the
upper internally threaded recess 215 of valve handle 210. When
properly installed, the bottom surface 229 of blocking plug 208 is
seated against the valve stem top surface 234 as shown in FIG. 13.
To facilitate installation of blocking plug 208, the plug upper
portion 230 has, for example, as shown, a slot sized to fit a
typical flat end screwdriver. Upon completion of the pressure test,
relieving the fire suppression system of excess pressure consists of
simply turning the valve handle 210 until the valve washer 188 is
displaced from the valve seat 187 thereby allowing the pressurized
fluid to escape through the fluid outlet side 184. The use of the
blocking plug 208 has the further advantage of maintaining the stem
upper portion 222 disposed within the upper internal threaded recess
215 of valve handle 210 when the user is attempting to alleviate
system pressure. This arrangement effectively prevents the sudden
movement of the valve stem 190 which may come into contact and
injure the hand of the user.
Preferably valve 180 may be arranged for drain/test fluid flow
capability which is necessary to either drain the fire suppression
system or to check the integrity of the alarm system. As
hereinbefore discussed with respect to FIG. 13, opening of valve 180
consists of manipulating the valve handle 210 (preferably by
manually turning valve handle 210 counterclockwise). As the threads
on the lower internally threaded recess 212 travel along the
corresponding threads on the threaded upper portion 199 of valve
riser 198, the valve handle 210 rises (defined as the movement of
valve handle 210 away from the valve body 182). Continued turning of
valve handle 210 causes handle center portion 216 to exert pressure
on washer 221 and stem bolt 220 thereby raising the valve stem 190
which, in turn, causes the valve washer 188 to become displaced from
the valve seat 187. Closing of valve 180 consists of manipulating
the valve handle 210 (preferably by manually turning valve handle
210 clockwise) thereby lowering valve handle 210 (defined as
movement of valve handle 210 towards the valve body 182) and thus
allowing the tensile force in spring 196 to urge the valve washer
188 against the valve seat 187. A further advantage of the present
invention is that the valve handle 210 may be operated to open and
close the valve 180 even with the blocking plug 208 installed. As
hereinbefore discussed, this arrangement is beneficial in preventing
injury to the user when the user attempts to alleviate system
pressure following a pressure test. Further, the use of threaded
portions on the valve riser 198 and valve handle 210 allows for
gradual and smooth opening and closing of valve 180. This
arrangement is helpful in preventing the "water hammer" effect which
is caused when a flow of fluid through a fluid system is suddenly
halted thereby creating a reverberating pressure wave in the fluid
which may result in system damage.
Installation of valve 180 preferably comprises threaded attachment
of valve body to conveniently accessible portion of the test and
drain piping 156 (FIG. 1), preferably comprising threaded pipe, from
which the fire suppression fluid is removed from the fire
suppression system to either drain the system or check the alarm
system integrity.
Referring further to FIG. 12, the details of the valve stem 190 of
the present embodiment will now be disclosed. The valve stem 190 is
preferably made of a metal material and comprises a substantially
cylindrical upper stem portion 240 and a substantially cylindrical
lower stem portion 242 having a lower stem ledge portion 244 sized
to support the lower coil 245 of spring 196. As shown, valve stem
190 is structured so that the upper stem portion 240 has a smaller
diameter than the lower stem portion 242. The lower stem portion 242
is provided with a groove 228 structured and arranged to receive a
typical O-ring-type gasket 226, preferably comprising an essentially
rubber material. The valve stem 190 is sized and arranged for
concentric placement within the internal bore portion 202 such that
the lower stem portion 242 is adjacent the lower inner riser portion
213 of valve riser 198. When the valve stem 190 is structured and
arranged in the above-mentioned fashion, the O-ring gasket 226
always remains in contact with the lower inner riser portion 213 of
valve riser 198 even when the valve washer 188 is fully a displaced
from the valve seat 187. This arrangement advantageously serves the
purpose of effectively insulating the spring from the system fluid,
thereby prolonging the life of spring 190. The O-ring gasket 226
embodies herein a second sealing means, attached to such lower
portion of such valve stem between such helical spring and such
valve seat, for essentially preventing such fluid from contacting
such helical spring; and it also embodies herein a second sealer,
attached to such lower portion of such valve stem, structured and
arranged to essentially prevent such fluid from contacting such
urger.
To provide a means to manually raise valve stem 190, the valve 180
is provided with an annular washer 221, of a type well known in such
art, which is structured and arranged to engage handle center
portion 216 when the valve 180 is manually opened in accordance with
the aforementioned disclosure accompanying FIG. 13. As shown in FIG.
12, the annular washer 221 is secured to the top surface 234 of
valve stem 190 by use of a stem bolt 220 fastener, preferably, a
threaded fastener, which is structured and arranged for receipt by
the stem upper threaded recess 237. To prevent system fluid from
escaping past valve seat 187 when valve 180 is in a closed position,
the present embodiment of valve 180 is provided with a lower stem
ledge 247 structured and arranged to be integrally attached adjacent
the lower valve stem portion 242 of valve stem 190. Lower stem ledge
247 comprises a foot 241, preferably comprising a metal material,
having a substantially planar bottom end 194 sized to receive valve
washer 188. The valve washer 188, preferably comprising a
rubber-type material, is secured to the foot 241 with a metal screw
fastener 192, preferably comprising a threaded fastener.
Preferably, configuring valve 180 for pressure test capability is
achieved by simply turning valve handle 210 until the valve washer
188 is seated against valve seat 187 (such as shown in FIG. 13). The
blocking plug 208 is then installed in valve handle 210 by
attaching, preferably by a threaded attachment, the externally
threaded body 231 to the upper internally threaded recess 215 of
valve handle 210. When properly installed, the planar bottom surface
229 of blocking plug 208 is seated against the head top surface 223
of fastener, stem bolt 220. To facilitate attachment of the blocking
plug 208 in the aforementioned manner, slot 232 is provided in the
plug upper portion 230 which is structured and arranged to receive
the flat edge of a screwdriver or like device.
Referring now to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, incorporated on riser unit 150
is a flow switch 165 which utilizes its included sensing paddle 171
(as shown in FIG. 3) to monitor water flow within the interior of
manifold 151. In the event of sprinkler activation (or testing),
water flow through riser unit 150 is recognized by flow switch 165
which activates its integral electrical contacts and sends an
electrical signal through attached wiring (not shown). This
electrical signal may typically then be used to actuate an alarm or
bell within the residence and may additionally be used to notify a
fire station.
To functionally connect these components together, manifold 151 is
provided. Manifold 151 is a one-piece casting, preferably with
standard pipe thread connections at inlet 160, outlet 163, pressure
gauge port 154, and test and drain port 155, preferably as shown in
FIG. 2. Flow switch port 167 encompasses several embodiments further
described below. The two pedestals 152 for mounting the manifold 151
are preferably cast integrally with mounting holes 153 provided, as
shown. The longitudinal pipe means for guiding water flow from the
water supply pipe to the sprinkler system pipe is embodied by
manifold 151 which extends from a first end 160a at inlet 160 to a
second end 163a at outlet 163, both of which outlets preferably have
standard male, external pipe threads sized one inch N.P.T.
(embodying herein also a first longitudinal pipe, having a first end
and a second end, structured and arranged to connect to the water
supply pipe at such first end and to the sprinkler system pipe at
such second end). Located on manifold 151 (on its side facing
direction C, see especially FIG. 2), at about 90 degrees from the
first-mentioned side (facing direction B, hereinafter sometimes
called side B) of manifold 151, are first indicia, embodied by arrow
172, indicating a water flow direction, and second indicia, embodied
by port identifications 174, indicating port identifications. Also
located on manifold 151 (on its side facing in direction D,
sometimes hereinafter called side D), at about 270 degrees from
first side B of manifold 151, are third indicia (similar to said
first indicia) indicating a water flow direction and fourth indicia
(similar to said second indicia) indicating port identifications.
All these just-mentioned indicia preferably comprise symbols raised
above a surface level of manifold 151. Port identifications 174 are
preferably worded GAUGE, TEST & DRAIN, and FLOW. Port identification
174 located at flow switch port 167 additionally preferably has
adjacent to it arrow 172 indicating direction of water flow within
the manifold 151, as shown. Additional indicia 173 cast into
manifold 151 might include trade name and mark, part numbering,
patent numbering, manufacturer, and phone number, etc.
A perspective view of manifold 151 is shown in FIG. 2. The manifold
151 is preferably tubular in cross-section and preferably hollow its
full length. Extending transversely (perpendicularly) from the
longitudinal pipe means of manifold 151 and aligned in parallel
relation along a first side B of manifold 151 are multiple pipe
thread attachment means for attaching sprinkler system components to
manifold 151, such attachment means being embodied by: pressure
gauge port 154 which preferably has internal pipe threads sized
one-quarter inch N.P.T.; flow switch port 167 which preferably has
multiple embodiments as described below, and test, drain valve and
relief port 155 which preferably has external pipe threads sized
one-half inch N.P.T. It is noted that, although such test, drain and
relief valve ports are usually female and internal, the casting in
manifold 151 of male, external threads for such port provides an
efficient and direct connection to the usual test, drain and relief
valve (i.e., it saves requiring a nipple to be added to the port).
This arrangement also embodies herein that, extending transversely
from such longitudinal pipe and all aligned in parallel relation
along a first side of such longitudinal pipe, there are multiple
ports, each such port being structured and arranged to attach to at
least one sprinkler system component having at least one capability
selected from the group consisting of safety capabilities, test
capabilities, and monitoring capabilities. And it embodies also such
a system wherein each such port is structured and arranged to attach
to at least one sprinkler system component having at least one of
the following capabilities: a flow-switch capability for monitoring
delivery of the water flow to sprinklers of the sprinkler system; a
test-and-drain-valve capability for testing and draining the
sprinkler system; a pressure-gauge capability for monitoring water
pressure in the sprinkler system; a relief-valve capability for
providing over-pressure relief for the sprinkler system. And it
further embodies a riser wherein such multiple ports comprises three
such ports in the following order in a direction from such first end
of such first longitudinal pipe to such second end of such first
longitudinal pipe: a first such port structured and arranged to
attach to at least one sprinkler system component having at least a
flow-switch capability for monitoring delivery of the water flow to
sprinklers of the sprinkler system; a second such port structured
and arranged to attach to at least one sprinkler system component
having at least a test-and-drain-valve capability for testing and
draining the sprinkler system and a relief-valve capability for
providing over-pressure relief for the sprinkler system; a third
such port structured and arranged to attach to at least one
sprinkler system component having at least a pressure-gauge
capability for monitoring water pressure in the sprinkler system.
It is preferred (for embodiments like that of FIGS. 1 and 2) that
the system components be attached to the pipe thread attachments of
the ports of manifold 151 in the following order with respect to a
direction from the first end 160a at the pipe threads of inlet 160
to the second end 163a at the pipe threads of outlet 163: flow
switch means; test and drain and relief valve means; and pressure
gauge means. Also preferred in combination, for the reasons herein
for this described embodiment, are the following dimensions: for the
length of manifold 151, about thirteen inches; for the location of
the center of flow switch port 167 for flow switch 165, about three
inches from first end 160a of manifold 151; for the location of the
center of test and drain port 155 for test, drain and relief valve
166, about eight inches from first end 160a of manifold 151; and,
for the location of the center of pressure gauge port 154 for
pressure gauge 168, about eleven inches from first end 160a of
manifold 151.
The above preferred dimensions provide high efficiency in use of
space, etc. The largest diameter system component is usually the
pressure gauge, usually about three and one-half inches in diameter.
And the system component usually having longest longitudinal
extension for its port center line is the flow switch, usually about
three and 11/16 inches. Considering all of the above and the
importance and efficiency (in cost and space) of a minimum length
riser while preserving the ability to install the riser manifold for
support to either side, the herein illustrated and disclosed
arrangement and dimensions are an important part of the present
invention, according to a preferred embodiment thereof, and this
arrangement embodies herein that said first longitudinal pipe is no
more than about thirteen inches long.
Since the ports for the system components are all to one side (side
B) of the manifold 151, and since the support connections, as for
attachment to a beam of the residence, are all on the other side
(the side facing in the direction A, hereinafter sometimes called
side A) of the manifold 151, the manifold 151 may be connected
facing either way, i.e., to a left support beam/wall or to a right
support beam/wall. Furthermore, as indicated elsewhere herein,
manifold 151 has indicia on both manifold "facing" sides for
indicating flow direction and port identifications to a user from
either side. Also, it is noted that a control means, embodied by
handle 210, for operation of test, drain and relief valve 166 may be
attached so that handle 210 is facing in the illustrated direction,
i.e., on the side B of manifold 151.
Pedestals 152 are located on the side A (180 degrees from side B) of
manifold 151 and oriented 180 degrees from the above-mentioned
system component ports, as shown. Each pedestal 152 includes a
mounting flange 159 attached to the manifold 151 by two stand-offs
157.
Manifold 151 is preferably cast in one piece (with all of its
features included in the casting) preferably of a cast alloy
material selected from the following group: brass, bronze, copper or
plastic. A suitable plastic material, for example, the material
called "CPVC Orange", approved for such uses, may preferably be
used. Wall thickness of the riser manifold is generally relatively
the same throughout and suitable for the water pressure used.
Several embodiments of the flow switch port 167 will now be
described. FIG. 2 illustrates a preferred embodiment of the flow
switch port 167. Manifold 151 incorporates a flanged port 167 for
the mounting of flow switch 16 switch port (not shown) of manifold
151. Flow switch 165 may, depending upon the type of flow switch
preferred, have several mounting embodiments and therefore multiple
mounting embodiments of the flow switch mounting flange are
described. The flanged port of manifold 151 includes a mounting
flange 167, and is designed for direct mounting of flow switch 63,
as shown.
In one preferred embodiment, the interface of flow switch 165 to the
flanged port 167 of manifold 151 is mounting flange 175 which is
illustrated further by FIG. 3 and FIG. 4. In this embodiment, the
flow switch 165 mates and secures to mounting face 252 of mounting
flange 254 with screws 250, as shown. Threaded holes 253 are
provided in mounting flange 254 and are appropriately sized, spaced,
and oriented to be compatible with the mounting requirements of flow
switch 165. Mounting flange 254 also includes an equivalent and
appropriately sized counterbore recess 258 with depths and diameters
required for accepting the sensing paddle 171 and double O-ring
seals 248 and 249 respectively of the flow switch "male" mounting
flange 256. The flow switch 165 mounting flange 254 is embodied as
the "female" connection. When mounting the flow switch 165 (shown in
FIG. 1) to the manifold 151, the flow switch 165 must first be
disassembled. The method of disassembly is well known by those
skilled in the art. The sensing paddle 171 with O-ring seals 248 is
inserted into the counterbore recess 258 of the mounting flange 252
with the sensing paddle 171 oriented perpendicular to the axis of
the manifold 151. The flanged port 167 is then installed onto the
flange face 252 of the mounting flange 254, which firmly sandwiches
the O-ring seals 248 between the mounting flange 254 and the wall of
the counterbore recess 258, thus retaining the sensing paddle 171.
The flow switch may then be re-installed, and the cover 164
re-installed, all in a straightforward manner to those with ordinary
skill in the art. This embodies a system for connecting a flow
switch to a longitudinal pipe for monitoring water flow through such
longitudinal pipe, such flow switch being of the type comprising a
housing including a face plate, a sensing switch within such
housing, a sensing paddle outside such housing and connected by a
connector member through such face plate to such sensing switch,
screw attachments for connecting such face plate to a flange member,
and a cylindrical seal member, co-axial with such sensing paddle and
encircling such connector member, for sealing such
face-plate-to-flange connection, the steps of: providing an
attachment pipe extending transversely from such longitudinal pipe
along a first side of such longitudinal pipe, such attachment pipe
comprising, at an outer end of such attachment pipe, a flange,
comprising a cylindrical counterbore co-axial with such attachment
pipe, for direct no-pipe-thread attachment of such flow switch to
such attachment pipe in such manner that such flow switch may
monitor water flow through such longitudinal pipe; providing a such
disassembled such flow switch with such face plate, such sensing
paddle and connector member, and such seal member; inserting such
sensing paddle through such counterbore into such attachment pipe in
such manner that such seal member rests essentially within such
counterbore; connecting such face plate to such flange with such
screw attachments in such manner as to seal such
face-plate-to-flange connection with such sensing paddle in place
for such monitoring and permit such connector member to pass through
such face plate in position for connection to such sensing switch;
reconnecting such connector member to such sensing switch; and
reconnecting such housing to reassemble such flow switch.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional plan elevation view of flow switch
connection shown in FIG. 3 installed on the mounting flange 254 of
manifold 151. Preferably, the male mounting flange 256 flange face
260 mates and secures to mounting face 252 of mounting flange 254
with screws 250, as shown. Threaded holes 253 are provided in
mounting flange 254 and are appropriately sized, spaced, and
oriented, to be compatible with the mounting requirements of flow
switch 165. Mounting flange 254 also includes an equivalent and
appropriately-sized counterbore recess 258 with depths and diameters
required for accepting the sensing paddle 171 and double O-ring
seals 248 and 249 respectively of the flow switch "male" mounting
flange 256. The flow switch 165 mounting flange 254 is embodied as
the "female" connection. The sensing paddle 171 with O-ring seals
248 is inserted into the counterbore recess 258 of the mounting
flange 252 with the sensing paddle 171 oriented perpendicular to the
axis of the manifold 151. The flanged port 167 is then installed
onto the flange face 252 of the mounting flange 254, which firmly
sandwiches the O-ring seals 248 between the mounting flange 254 and
the wall of the counterbore recess 258, thus retaining the sensing
paddle 171. This arrangement embodies herein a flange connection
constructed and arranged for direct no-pipe-thread attachment of a
flow switch of the type comprising a housing including a face plate,
a sensing switch within the housing, a sensing paddle outside the
housing and connected by a connector member through the face plate
to the sensing switch, screw attachments for connecting the face
plate to a flange member, and a cylindrical seal member, co-axial
with the sensing paddle and encircling the connector member, for
sealing a face-plate-to-flange-member connection. The arrangement of
FIGS. 3 and 4 also embodies herein such a flange connection
comprising: a flange; a smooth female bore central to such flange of
such flange connection; wherein such flange comprises at least two
flange connectors each structured and arranged to assist a
connection to the flow meter.
This last-discussed preferred embodiment of this invention, using a
flanged mounting, provides many advantages over a pipe-threaded
mounting. E.g., it provides a simple "bolt on" mounting, not
requiring large wrenches or pipe thread sealing means, such as
Teflon tape or pipe dope; it eliminates an unnecessary joint; it
eliminates the need for the large specialty adapter/mounting fitting
which is typically supplied with the flow switch; proper orientation
of the flow switch is automatically established, as the flange is
permanently located; and the switch does not need to be rotated to
be installed, therefore its large housing doesn't require "extra"
clearance from other nearby obstructions.
Another alternate preferred embodiment of the flow switch connection
is illustrated in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6. In this embodiment, the flow
switch 165 mates and secures to mounting face 266 of mounting flange
269 with screws 250, as shown. Threaded holes 253 are provided in
mounting flange 269 and are appropriately sized, spaced, and
oriented, to be compatible with the mounting requirements of flow
switch 165. Mounting flange 269 also includes an equivalent and
appropriately sized "male" connection 274, preferably cylindrical,
preferably with double O-ring seals 263 and 264 set in grooves 275
and 276. The flow switch 165 mounting flange 271 is embodied as the
"female" connection. When mounting the flow switch 165 (shown in
FIG. 6), the sensing paddle 267 is inserted into the counterbore
recess 262 of the mounting flange 269 with the sensing paddle 267
oriented perpendicular to the axis of the manifold 151. The flanged
port 262 is then installed onto the male connection 274 and attached
at the flange face 266 of the mounting flange 269, which firmly
sandwiches the O-ring seals 263 and 264 between the mounting flange
269 and the wall of the counterbore recess 262, thus retaining the
sensing paddle 267 and providing a seal in the counterbore recess
262 of the flow switch 165. This arrangement embodies herein a such
flange connection comprising: a flange; a male hollow round cylinder
element extending outwardly and centrally from such flange; wherein
such male hollow round cylinder element comprises at least one
external sealer structured and arranged to seal a flow meter of the
type comprising a female bore connector; wherein such flange
comprises at least two flange connectors each structured and
arranged to assist a connection to the flow meter.
Yet another preferred embodiment of the flow switch 165 connection
is illustrated in FIG. 7 AND FIG. 8. Preferably a flow switch
attachment is made with a screw thread 280 type attachment as shown
in FIG. 7. Manifold 151 has an attached port 278 protruding from
manifold 151 with exterior screw threads 280. Preferably the screw
threads 280 are "buttress" type threads that form a compressive seal
when a matching screw thread nut 286 is attached as shown in FIG. 8.
In this embodiment of the flow switch 165 connection, the flow
switch has a matching "female" screw thread nut 286 adapter to fit
the screw threads 280 of the manifold 151 of the riser unit 150
(shown in FIG. 2). Preferably, when the flow switch 165 is installed
on the riser manifold 151 screw threads 280, the flow switch 165
mates and secures to mounting face 282 of mounting flange 289 with a
compression fit, as illustrated in FIG. 8. An O-ring 288 set in a
groove 293 at the face 290 of the flow meter flange 292 forms a seal
as it is compressed against the flange face 282 of the mounting
flange 279. When mounting the flow switch 165 (shown in FIG. 8), the
sensing paddle 294 is inserted into the internal bore recess 284 of
the mounting flange 279 with the sensing paddle 290 oriented
perpendicular to the axis of the manifold 151. The threaded port 278
is then installed onto the female connection screw nut 286 and
attached at the flange face 282 of the mounting flange 279, which
firmly sandwiches the O-ring seal 288 between the mounting flange
279 and the face 290 of the flow meter flange 292, thus retaining
the sensing paddle 294 and providing a seal. This arrangement
embodies herein a such flange connection comprising: a flange;
wherein such flange comprises external threads structured and
arranged to match internal threads of a flow meter connection
element; and wherein an outer face of such flange comprises a flat
surface structured and arranged for sealing against a face of the
flow meter connection element.
FIG. 9 illustrates yet another preferred embodiment of the riser
unit 300. With particular reference to FIG. 9, the riser unit 300 is
a component of a water sprinkler system for a residential fire
protection system similar to that illustrated in FIG. 1. The riser
unit 300 includes components with capabilities for monitoring
delivery of water to the sprinklers, monitoring water pressure,
providing system over-pressure relief, and testing and draining the
water sprinkler system. Riser unit 300 incorporates a riser manifold
unitary means preferably embodied by the one-piece manifold 301 to
assist in making connections to the above-mentioned components as
well as water system connections, all as hereinafter described.
Manifold 301 is similar in construction to manifold 151 (see FIG. 1)
except as noted below with respect to the ports. Manifold 301
incorporates similar support means (for assisting attachment of the
riser manifold unitary means to the structure) embodied by two
pedestals 152 for stabilizing of the riser unit 301 by attachment of
the riser unit 301 to a convenient location of the residence's
structure. The riser unit 300 connects the residence's water piping
to the sprinkler system by two connections onto manifold 301 as
previously described with respect to FIG. 1 with respect to riser
150. Manifold 301 includes pipe thread attachment locations (on its
side facing direction B, as shown in FIG. 9) for system components
as illustrated: flow switch means embodied by flow switch 165; test,
drain and relief valve means embodied by test, drain and relief
valve 304; pressure gauge means embodied by pressure gauge 168.
With particular reference to FIG. 9, the riser unit 300 includes
means for conveniently grouping, connecting and securely mounting
various components of a fire prevention water sprinkler system; and
it embodies herein a riser wherein such multiple ports comprises two
such ports in the following order in a direction from such first end
of such first longitudinal pipe to such second end of such first
longitudinal pipe: a first such port structured and arranged to
attach to at least one sprinkler system component having at least a
flow-switch capability for monitoring delivery of the water flow to
sprinklers of the sprinkler system; a second such port structured
and arranged to attach to at least two sprinkler system components
each having at least one of the following capabilities: a
test-and-drain-valve capability for testing and draining the
sprinkler system, a relief-valve capability for providing
over-pressure relief for the sprinkler system, a pressure-gauge
capability for monitoring water pressure in the sprinkler system.
And it further embodies an arrangement wherein such second port is
structured and arranged to attach to two sprinkler system
components: a first sprinkler system component having a
pressure-gauge capability for monitoring water pressure in the
sprinkler system; and a second sprinkler system component having a
test-and-drain-valve capability for testing and draining the
sprinkler system, and a relief-valve capability for providing
over-pressure relief for the sprinkler system.
Although water sprinkler systems are custom tailored for each
application with a varying quantity of sprinkler heads and a varying
layout of interconnecting plumbing, the system component
capabilities of riser unit 300 remain reasonably consistent with
most applications; and the teachings of the present invention will
apply even if in a particular application only two ports are molded
into the longitudinal pipe portion of manifold 301 (as embodied and
shown in FIG. 9). A pressure gauge 168 indicates the pressure within
the system and is monitored for indication that ample pressure is
available in the event that the sprinklers will be activated.
Over-pressurization of a closed system can occur, from thermal
expansion or other reasons.
To functionally connect these components together, manifold 301 is
provided. Manifold 301 is a one-piece casting with standard pipe
thread connections at inlet 160 (shown in FIG. 1 only), outlet 163,
and the drain port of valve 304 and the attached pressure gauge port
305, all as shown. Flow switch port 167 encompasses several
embodiments previously described above. The two pedestals 152 for
mounting are cast integrally with mounting holes 153 provided. The
longitudinal pipe means for guiding water flow from the water supply
pipe to the sprinkler system pipe is the same as described for
manifold 151 in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. Preferably, indicia indicating a
water flow direction and port identifications are also located
similar to riser 150 previously described; however, since riser 300
has only two ports, the indicia are altered to indicate the
associated functions attached at the two ports. Preferably those
functions are worded "GAUGE", "TEST, DRAIN & RELIEF", and "FLOW".
Port identification at flow switch port 167 additionally has
adjacent to it arrow 172 (as shown in FIG. 1) indicating direction
of water flow within the manifold 301. Additional indicia 173 (shown
in FIG. 1) cast into manifold 301 might include trade name and mark,
part numbering, patent numbering, manufacturer, and phone number,
etc.
A perspective view of manifold 301 is shown in FIG. 9. The manifold
301 is tubular in cross-section and hollow its full length.
Extending transversely (perpendicularly) from the longitudinal pipe
means of manifold 301 and aligned in parallel relation along a first
side B of manifold 301 are port 167 (for attaching flow meter 165
and port 156a (for attaching valve 304), which includes port 305
(for attaching pressure gauge 168) along its length (as shown).
Pressure gauge port 305 is attached to test, drain and relief port
156a extending transversely and aligned along an upper side E,
approximately centered in the longitudinal pipe of test, drain, and
relief valve port 156a. Pressure gauge port 305 preferably has
internal pipe threads sized one-quarter inch N.P.T.
It is noted that, although ports for things like test, drain and
relief valve ports are usually female and internal, the casting in
manifold 301 of male, external threads for such port provides an
efficient and direct connection to the usual test, drain and relief
valve (i.e., it saves requiring a nipple to be added to the port).
It is preferred that the system components be attached to the pipe
thread attachments of the ports of manifold 301 in the following
order with respect to a direction from the first end 160a at the
pipe threads of inlet 160 (shown in FIG. 1) to the second end 163a
at the pipe threads of outlet 163: flow switch means 165; test,
drain, and relief valve means 304 (with pressure gauge 168 attached
along the port 156a from port 305, as shown). Also preferred in
combination, for the reasons herein, are the following dimensions:
for the length of manifold 301, about eleven inches; for the
location of the center of flow switch port 167 for flow switch 165,
about three inches from first end 160a (shown in FIG. 1) of manifold
301; for the location of the center of test and drain port 156a for
test, drain and relief valve 304, about eight inches from first end
160a of manifold 301. This arrangement also embodies a riser wherein
such second port comprises a second longitudinal pipe extending from
and perpendicular to such first longitudinal pipe and wherein such
second longitudinal pipe comprises two component attachment
structures: a first component attachment structure suitable to
assist in attaching a pressure gauge for monitoring water pressure
in the sprinkler system; and a second component attachment structure
suitable to assist in attaching a valve having at least a
test-and-drain-valve capability for testing and draining the
sprinkler system.
The above preferred dimensions provide high efficiency in use of
space, etc. Considering all of the above and the importance and
efficiency (in cost and space) of a minimum length riser while
preserving the ability to install the riser manifold for support to
either side, the herein illustrated and disclosed arrangement and
dimensions are an important part of the present invention, according
to a preferred embodiment thereof, and this arrangement embodies
herein that said first longitudinal pipe is no more than about
eleven inches long.
Another preferred embodiment of the combination test, drain and
relief valve 304 is illustrated in FIGS. 10-12. Referring now to
FIG. 11, valve 304 is shown in cross-sectional view. As shown, valve
304 comprises a valve body 308 having a fluid inlet 310 and a fluid
outlet 311. Disposed within the valve body 308 is a valve seat 313
which is structured and arranged to engage a valve washer 314. The
valve washer 314 is preferably attached to valve stem 316 by use of
a metal screw 317 which is sized and arranged to engage an
internally threaded recess 326 disposed within the bottom end 323 of
valve stem 316 (preferably made of brass). The screw 317 is further
secured to the valve stem 316 with the use of a screw thread locking
product, preferably the product known as "Loctite"(.TM.) (preferably
product #271 available from a Loctite Corporation of Newington,
Conn.). The valve washer 314 embodies herein a first sealing means
for assisting sealing at such valve seat, affixed to such lower
portion of such valve stem and structured and arranged for
engagement with such valve seat when such valve stem is lowered; and
it also embodies herein a first sealer, to assist sealing at such
valve seat, affixed to such lower portion of such valve stem and
structured and arranged for engagement with such valve seat when
such valve stem is lowered. Also shown in FIG. 10 is the use of a
lock washer 319, of a type readily selectable by one skilled in such
art, preferably used to further secure the screw to the valve stem
316 (190 in FIG. 13).
To accomplish pressure relief capability, valve 304 incorporates the
use of a valve stem helical spring 320 which exerts a preset
pressure on the valve stem bottom end 323 and the valve washer 314.
The valve stem helical spring 320 embodies herein an urging means
for urging such valve washer towards such valve seat 313. The
predetermined and preset pressure is that pressure which is required
to maintain the valve washer 314 against the valve seat 313 during
standard fire sprinkler system operating pressure. The "not to
exceed" predetermined pressure for fire sprinkler water systems is
typically 175 psi. Upon a given fire suppression system exceeding
this predetermined pressure, valve washer 314 will be displaced
(provided that valve stem 316 is not otherwise blocked from moving)
from the valve seat 313 thereby relieving system pressure (by
releasing pressurized system fluid through fluid outlet side 311)
and thus preventing damage to the system components. When the system
pressure has returned to the operating "not to exceed" pressure,
spring 320 automatically urges valve washer 314 against valve seat
313 thereby sealing the system from further fluid loss. This
arrangement embodies herein an arrangement wherein such first
sealing means is removably seated against such valve seat when such
control means is in a lowered position whereby such pressure relief
capability is provided.
Also shown in FIG. 11 is a valve riser 321, preferably made of a
metal material(brass), and having a threaded upper portion 327, and
having an internal bore portion 324 therein. Valve riser 321 is
preferably integrally cast with and is a part of valve body 308,
embodying herein such valve riser comprising an integral element of
such valve body. As shown in FIG. 11, bore section 324 has a
diameter which is necessary to house spring 320 as shown. The bore
section 324 is also sized so as to allow for unobstructed movement
of the valve stem 316 therein when the valve is arranged for
pressure relief capability. As FIG. 11 further illustrates, the
present invention also provides for a (roughly round cylindrical)
valve handle 328, preferably rounded and knurled or slotted 332 and
preferably made of a metal material. Valve handle 328 (embodying
herein such controller comprising an approximately round cylindrical
outer surface having indentations structured and arranged to assist
a user to grip such controller for turning such controller)
comprises a lower portion 329 having a lower internally threaded
recess 334, and an upper portion 331 having an upper internally
threaded recess 336. Separating each respective recess 334 and 336
is a center portion 338 having an axial hole 340 sized so as to
allow unobstructed movement of valve stem 316 upper portion 322
therein when valve 304 is arranged for pressure relief capability.
The lower internally threaded recess 334 of valve handle 328 is
structured and arranged for adjustable attachment to the threaded
upper portion 327 of valve riser 321. Valve handle 328 embodies
herein a control means, adjustably attached to such upper end of
such valve riser, for implementing raising and lowering of such
valve stem; and it also embodies a controller, adjustably attached
to such exterior surface of such valve riser, structured and
arranged to implement raising and lowering of such valve stem. In
operation, opening of valve 304 consists of manipulating the valve
handle 328 (preferably by manually turning valve handle 328
counterclockwise) until the valve washer 314 is displaced from the
valve seat 313. To facilitate lifting of the valve stem 316, a
threaded fastener (preferably a stem bolt 341 as further shown in
FIG. 1) is attached, preferably by threaded attachment, to the valve
stem upper portion 322 (preferably having a threaded portion).
Preferably stem bolt 341 also secures a rubber washer 342 and metal
washer 351 to provide further sealing means at the washer handle 328
axial hole 340. Stem bolt 220 embodies herein an engagement means,
structured and arranged for attachment adjacent such upper portion
of such valve stem, for engaging such control means.
Preferably, a substantially annular tension disk 330, attached by
threading means and preferably consisting of a metal material and
having a preferred thickness of about 1/4 inch is externally
threaded (333) and structured and arranged for attachment adjacent
the upper internally threaded 334 portion of the valve riser, for
use in adjusting the tension on spring 320 so as to more thoroughly
ensure that when the system pressure achieves the above mentioned
"not-to-exceed" system pressure, the valve washer 314 is displaced
from the valve seat 313. As shown in exploded view in FIG. 10, the
tension disk 330 is provided with a concentric aperture 344, sized
to allow unobstructed movement of valve stem 316 therethrough, and
is further provided with substantially cylindrical outer surface
threaded portion 333 which is structured and arranged to engage the
inner wall threaded portion 334.
Preferably, adjusting the tension in spring 320 consists of engaging
the outer surface threaded portion 333 with the inner wall threaded
portion 334 and turning (in well known ways) the tension disk 330 so
that it recedes into the internal bore portion 324. When so
positioned, the planar bottom surface 346 of tension disk 330 is in
contact with the top coil 348 of spring 320, as indicated in FIG.
10. Subsequent such turns of the tension disk 330 results in further
compression of spring 320 (with a resultant increase in spring
tension) resulting in a corresponding increase in the system
pressure required to unseat the valve washer 314 from the valve seat
313. The tension disk 330 embodies herein an adjustment means,
disposed within such internal bore, for adjusting such urging of
such urging means. To avoid accidental or unauthorized adjustment of
the tension in spring 320, it is preferred (and often required by
applicable safety codes) that spring 320 be factory adjusted prior
to installing the valve 304 in the particular fluid system and that
the tension disk 330 be secured after adjustment by a suitable
thread tightening product, preferably the aforementioned Loctite
(.TM.) product. Also, importantly, to prevent fluid from escaping
around valve stem 322 when the valve 304 is in an open position, an
O-ring-type gasket 350, of the kind readily selectable by one with
ordinary skill in such art, is preferably attached to a
circumferential groove 352 on valve stem 316, as shown in FIG. 10.
Preferably, in one embodiment the valve 304 may also be structured
and arranged to pressure test fire suppression systems as described
below. Typically, hydrostatic pressure testing is required in piping
systems in order to ascertain the integrity of such systems against
leakage and/or faulty components. Commercial fire sprinkler systems
typically require a test pressure of approximately 200 psi. Since
the test pressure typically exceeds the system pressure which will
activate the pressure relief function, this embodiment provides for
a blocking pin 354 which is structured and arranged to block
movement of the valve stem 316 when the system "not to exceed"
pressure is exceeded. This arrangement embodies herein an
arrangement wherein such first sealing means is irremovably seated
against such valve seat when such valve stem is blocked by such
blocking means whereby pressure testing capability is provided. The
blocking pin 354 (embodying herein a blocking means, removably
affixed in such control means, for implementing blocking of movement
of such valve stem away from such valve seat and also embodying
herein a such valve-stem-movement blocker, removably affixable in
such receiver system of such controller, structured and arranged to
implement blocking of movement of such valve stem away from such
valve seat) is preferably made of a metal material and is preferably
an Allen wrench of the type and size typically used to remove the
flow meter cover 164 (shown in FIG. 1). Blocking pin 354 is
preferably inserted into pin receiving holes 355 as shown best in
FIG. 11, this system embodying herein a blocker system structured
and arranged to assist implementation of blocking of movement of
such valve stem away from such valve seat. Obtaining pressure test
capability is achieved by simply turning valve handle 328 until
valve washer 314 is seated against valve seat 313. The blocking pin
354 (embodying herein a blocker element removably affixable in such
valve system) is then installed in valve handle 328 by slidably
inserting the pin 354 into the pin receiving holes 355 (embodying
herein a receiver system structured and arranged to removably
receive a valve-stem-movement blocker, and also embodying that such
controller is structured and arranged to removably receive such
blocker element) passing through each side of valve handle 328. When
properly installed, the blocking pin 354 is seated against the valve
stem 322 stem bolt top surface 343 as shown in FIG. 11. The blocking
pin 354 embodies herein a blocking means, removably attached to such
control means, for implementing blocking of movement of such valve
stem away from such valve seat. The disclosed use of the instant
valve embodies herein the steps of: manipulating such rotary handle
until such valve washer is seated against such valve seat; affixing
such blocking pin to such rotary handle; manipulating such blocking
pin until it contacts such valve stem; pressurizing such fluid
system to a pre-determined testing pressure; and manipulating such
rotary handle, holding such blocking pin, until such valve washer is
displaced from such valve seat, whereby such pressure is relieved in
such fluid system.
Upon completion of the pressure test, relieving the fire suppression
system of excess pressure consists of simply turning the valve
handle 328 until the valve washer 314 is displaced from the valve
seat 313 thereby allowing the pressurized fluid to escape through
the fluid outlet side 311. The use of the blocking pin 354 has the
further advantage of maintaining the stem upper portion 322 disposed
within the upper internal threaded recess 336 of valve handle 328
when the user is attempting to alleviate system pressure. This
arrangement effectively prevents the sudden movement of the valve
stem 316 which may come into contact and injure the hand of the
user.
Preferably valve 304 may be arranged for drain/test fluid flow
capability which is necessary to either drain the fire suppression
system or to check the integrity of the alarm system. As
hereinbefore discussed with respect to FIG. 11, opening of valve 304
consists of manipulating the valve handle 328 (preferably by
manually turning valve handle 328 counterclockwise). As the threads
on the lower internally threaded recess 334 travel along the
corresponding threads on the threaded upper portion 327 of valve
riser 321, the valve handle 328 rises (defined as the movement of
valve handle 328 away from the valve body 308). Continued turning of
valve handle 328 causes handle center portion 338 to exert pressure
on stem bolt 341 thereby raising the valve stem 316 which, in turn,
causes the valve washer 314 to become displaced from the valve seat
313. This arrangement embodies herein an arrangement wherein such
first sealing means is displaced from such valve seat when such
control means is in a raised position whereby such drain/test fluid
flow capability is provided. Closing of valve 304 consists of
manipulating the valve handle 328 (preferably by manually turning
valve handle 328 clockwise) thereby lowering valve handle 328
(defined as movement of valve handle 328 towards the valve body 308)
and thus allowing the tensile force in spring 320 to urge the valve
washer 314 against the valve seat 313. A further advantage of the
present embodiment is that the valve handle 328 may be operated to
open and close the valve 304 even with the blocking pin 354
installed. As hereinbefore discussed, this arrangement is beneficial
in preventing injury to the user when the user attempts to alleviate
system pressure following a pressure test. Further, the use of
threaded portions on the valve riser 321 and valve handle 328 allows
for gradual and smooth opening and closing of valve 304. This
arrangement is helpful in preventing the "water hammer" effect which
is caused when a flow of fluid through a fluid system is suddenly
halted thereby creating a reverberating pressure wave in the fluid
which may result in system damage.
Installation of valve 304 preferably comprises threaded attachment
of valve body 308 to conveniently accessible portion of drain piping
356, preferably comprising threaded pipe, from which the fire
suppression fluid is removed from the fire suppression system to
either drain the system or check the alarm system integrity.
Preferably valve body 308 has an integral 90 degree bend 358
(embodying herein a downward facing faucet opening) for faucet-type
outlet 311 drain means thereby eliminating an additional attached
elbow fitting 170 (illustrated in FIG. 1).
Referring further to FIG. 10 and FIG. 11, the details of the valve
stem 316 of the present embodiment will now be disclosed. The valve
stem 316 is preferably made of a metal material and comprises a
substantially cylindrical upper stem portion 322 and a substantially
cylindrical lower stem portion 323 having a lower stem ledge portion
345 sized to support the lower coil 347 of spring 320. As shown,
valve stem 316 is structured so that the upper stem portion 322 has
a smaller diameter than the lower stem portion 323. The lower stem
portion 323 is provided with a groove 352 structured and arranged to
receive a typical O-ring-type gasket 350 (shown in FIG. 11),
preferably comprising an essentially rubber material. The valve stem
316 is sized and arranged for concentric placement within the
internal bore portion 324 (shown in FIG. 11) such that the lower
stem portion 323 is adjacent the lower inner riser portion 349 of
valve riser 321. When the valve stem 316 is structured and arranged
in the above-mentioned fashion, the O-ring gasket 350 always remains
in contact with the lower inner riser portion 349 of valve riser 321
even when the valve washer 314 is fully displaced from the valve
seat 313. This arrangement advantageously serves the purpose of
effectively insulating the spring from the system fluid, thereby
prolonging the life of spring 320. The O-ring gasket 350 embodies
herein a second sealing means, attached to such lower portion of
such valve stem between such helical spring and such valve seat, for
essentially preventing such fluid from contacting such helical
spring.
To prevent system fluid from escaping past valve seat 313 when valve
304 is in a closed position, the present embodiment of valve 304 is
provided with a lower stem ledge 360 structured and arranged to be
integrally attached adjacent the lower valve stem portion 323 of
valve stem 316. Lower stem ledge 360 comprises a flat bottom
surface, preferably comprising a metal material, having a
substantially planar bottom end sized to receive valve washer 314
and washer stiffener 315. The valve washer 314, preferably
comprising a rubber-type material, is secured to the flat bottom
surface of lower stem ledge 360 with a metal screw fastener 317,
preferably comprising a threaded fastener. Also, as shown in FIG.
10, the use of a lock washer 319, of the type readily selectable by
one skilled in such art, is preferably used to further secure the
screw to the valve stem 316.
Preferably, configuring valve 304 for pressure test capability is
achieved by simply turning valve handle 355 until the valve washer
314 is seated against valve seat 313 (such as shown in FIG. 11). The
blocking pin 354 is then installed in valve handle 328 by slidably
inserting the pin into the pin receiving holes on each side of valve
handle 328. When properly installed, the blocking pin 354 is seated
against the valve stem 322 stem bolt top surface 343 as shown in
FIG. 11.
Another preferred embodiment of the valve system of the present
invention, herein referred to as valve 20, is shown in
cross-sectional view in FIG. 14. Referring to FIG. 14, valve 20
consists of a standard globe valve body 22 (well-known to those
skilled in the art) of a predetermined size (readily selectable by
those skilled in the art) and having a fluid inlet side 24, a fluid
outlet side 26 and having an internally threaded upper portion 27.
Disposed within the valve body 22 is a valve seat 28 which is
structured and arranged to engage a valve washer 29. To provide
lateral support to valve washer 29, a washer support 30, preferably
made of a metal material, is attached, preferably adhesively, to
valve washer 29. The washer support 30 and valve washer 29
combination are preferably attached by use of a metal screw 31 which
is sized and arranged to engage an internally threaded recess 36
disposed within the bottom end 32 of valve stem 33 (preferably made
of stainless steel). The valve washer 29 embodies herein a first
sealing means for assisting sealing at such valve seat, affixed to
such lower portion of such valve stem and structured and arranged
for engagement with such valve seat when such valve stem is lowered.
Also shown in FIG. 14 is the use of a lock washer 38, of the type
readily selectable by one skilled in such art, used to further
secure the valve washer 29 and washer support 30 to the valve stem
33. The screw 31 is further secured to the valve stem 33 with the
use of a screw thread locking product, preferably the product known
as "Loctite"(.TM.) (preferably product #271 available from a Loctite
Corporation of Newington, Conn.). To accomplish pressure relief
capability, valve 20 incorporates the use of a valve stem helical
spring 40 which exerts a predetermined pressure on the washer
support 30 and valve washer 29 combination. The valve stem helical
spring 40 embodies herein an urging means for urging such valve
washer towards such valve seat. The predetermined pressure is that
pressure which is required to maintain the valve washer 29 against
the valve seat 28 during standard fire sprinkler system operating
pressure. The "not to exceed" predetermined pressure for fire
sprinkler water systems is typically 175 psi. Upon a given fire
suppression system exceeding this predetermined pressure, valve
washer 29 will be displaced (provided that valve stem 33 is not
otherwise blocked from moving) from the valve seat 28 thereby
relieving system pressure (by releasing pressurized system fluid
through fluid outlet side 26) and thus preventing damage to the
system components. When the system pressure has returned to the
operating "not to exceed" pressure, spring 40 automatically urges
valve washer 29 against valve seat 28 thereby sealing the system
from further fluid loss. This arrangement embodies herein an
arrangement wherein such first sealing means is removably seated
against such valve seat when such control means is in a lowered
position whereby such pressure relief capability is provided.
Also shown in FIG. 14 is a valve riser 41, preferably made of a
metal material, and having a threaded upper portion 42, a threaded
lower portion 43, and having an internal bore portion 44 therein.
The threaded lower portion 43 of valve riser 41 is sized to
frictionally engage the internally threaded upper portion 27 of
valve body 22. To assist in maintaining a tight connection between
valve riser 41 and valve body 22, a thread tightening product,
preferably "Loctite"(.TM.) may be applied to the threaded lower
portion 43 of valve riser 41 and the internally threaded upper
portion 27 of valve body 22. Internal bore portion 44 comprises a
first bore section 48 and a second bore section 49. As shown in FIG.
14, first bore section 48 has a diameter greater than the second
bore section 49 which is necessary to house spring 40 as shown. The
second bore section 49 is sized so as to allow for unobstructed
movement of the valve stem 33 therein when the valve is arranged for
pressure relief capability as shown in FIG. 14. As FIG. 14 further
illustrates, the present invention also provides for a valve handle
50, preferably of the rotary type and preferably made of a metal
material. Valve handle 50 comprises a lower portion 53 having a
lower internally threaded recess 54 (as shown best in FIG. 16), and
an upper portion 55 having an upper internally threaded recess 56.
Separating each respective recess 54 and 56 is a center portion 60
having an axial hole 61 sized so as to allow unobstructed movement
of valve stem 33 therein when valve 20 is arranged for pressure
relief capability. The lower internally threaded recess 54 of valve
handle 50 is structured and arranged for adjustable attachment to
the threaded upper portion 42 of valve riser 41. Valve handle 50
embodies herein a control means, adjustably attached to such upper
end of such valve riser, for implementing raising and lowering of
such valve stem. In operation, opening of valve 20 consists of
manipulating the valve handle 50 (preferably by manually turning
valve handle 50 counterclockwise) until the valve washer 29 is
displaced from the valve seat 28 (as shown in FIG. 16). To
facilitate lifting of the valve stem 33, a threaded fastener
(preferably a stem nut 63 as shown) is attached, preferably by
threaded attachment, to the valve stem upper portion 64 (preferably
having a threaded portion). Stem nut 63 embodies herein an
engagement means, structured and arranged for attachment adjacent
such upper portion of such valve stem, for engaging such control
means. As valve handle 50 is turned, the center portion upper
surface 65 engages the stem nut 63 thereby raising the valve stem
33. To prevent fluid from escaping around valve stem 33 when the
valve 20 is in an open position, an O-ring-type gasket 69, of the
kind readily selectable by one with ordinary skill in such art, is
attached to a circumferential groove 70 on valve stem 33, as shown.
The valve 20 of the present invention may also be structured and
arranged to pressure test fire suppression systems as shown in FIG.
15. Typically, hydrostatic pressure testing is required in piping
systems in order to ascertain the integrity of such systems against
leakage and/or faulty components. Commercial fire sprinkler systems
typically require a test pressure of approximately 200 psi. Since
the test pressure typically exceeds the system pressure which will
activate the pressure relief function, the present invention
provides for a blocking plug 72 which is structured and arranged to
block movement of the valve stem 33 when the system "not to exceed"
pressure is exceeded. This arrangement embodies herein an
arrangement wherein such first sealing means is irremovably seated
against such valve seat when such valve stem is blocked by such
blocking means whereby pressure testing capability is provided. The
blocking plug 72 is preferably made of a metal material and has a
bottom surface 73, a plug upper portion 74 and a cylindrical
externally threaded plug lower portion 75. Obtaining pressure test
capability is achieved by simply turning valve handle 50 until valve
washer 29 is seated against valve seat 28. The blocking plug 72 is
then installed in valve handle 50 by attaching, preferably by a
threaded attachment, the externally threaded plug lower portion 75
to the upper internally threaded recess 56 of valve handle 50. When
properly installed, the bottom surface 73 of blocking plug 72 is
seated against the valve stem top surface 76 as shown in FIG. 15.
The blocking plug 72 embodies herein a blocking means, removably
attached to such control means, for implementing blocking of
movement of such valve stem away from such valve seat. The disclosed
use of the instant valve embodies herein the steps of: manipulating
such rotary handle until such valve washer is seated against such
valve seat; affixing such blocking plug to such rotary handle;
manipulating such blocking plug until it contacts such valve stem;
pressurizing such fluid system to a pre-determined testing pressure;
and manipulating such rotary handle, holding such blocking plug,
until such valve washer is displaced from such valve seat, whereby
such pressure is relieved in such fluid system.
To facilitate installation of blocking plug 72, the plug upper
portion 74 has, for example, as shown, a square circumference sized
to fit a typical box-end wrench (not shown), although a circular
circumference with a means to engage a flat edge (such as a
screwdriver head) may be used without deviating from the spirit of
the present invention. Upon completion of the pressure test,
relieving the fire suppression system of excess pressure consists of
simply turning the valve handle 50 until the valve washer 29 is
displaced from the valve seat 28 (as shown in FIG. 16) thereby
allowing the pressurized fluid to escape through the fluid outlet
side 26. The use of the blocking plug 72 has the further advantage
of maintaining the stem upper portion 64 disposed within the upper
internal threaded recess 56 of valve handle 50 when the user is
attempting to alleviate system pressure. This arrangement
effectively prevents the sudden movement of the valve stem 33 which
may come into contact and injure the hand of the user.
Shown in cross-section in FIG. 16 is the valve 20 of the present
invention arranged for drain/test fluid flow capability which is
necessary to either drain the fire suppression system or to check
the integrity of the alarm system. As hereinbefore discussed with
respect to FIG. 14, opening of valve 20 consists of manipulating the
valve handle 50 (preferably by manually turning valve handle 50
counterclockwise). As the threads on the lower internally threaded
recess 54 travel along the corresponding threads on the threaded
upper portion 42 of valve riser 41, the valve handle 50 rises
(defined as the movement of valve handle 50 away from the valve body
22). Continued turning of valve handle 50 causes handle center
portion 60 to exert pressure on stem nut 63 thereby raising the
valve stem 33 which, in turn, causes the valve washer 29 to become
displaced from the valve seat 28. This arrangement embodies herein
an arrangement wherein such first sealing means is displaced from
such valve seat when such control means is in a raised position
whereby such drain/test fluid flow capability is provided. Closing
of valve 20 consists of manipulating the handle 50 (preferably by
manually turning valve handle 50 clockwise) thereby lowering handle
50 (defined as movement of valve handle 50 towards the valve body
22) and thus allowing the tensile force in spring 40 to urge the
valve washer 29 against the valve seat 28. A further advantage of
the present invention is that the valve handle 50 may be operated to
open and close the valve 20 even with the blocking plug 72 (as shown
in alternate detail) installed. As hereinbefore discussed, this
arrangement is beneficial in preventing injury to the user when the
user attempts to alleviate system pressure following a pressure
test. Further, the use of threaded portions on the valve riser 41
and valve handle 50 allows for gradual and smooth opening and
closing of valve 20. This arrangement is helpful in preventing the
"water hammer" effect which is caused when a flow of fluid through a
fluid system is suddenly halted thereby creating a reverberating
pressure wave in the fluid which may result in system damage.
Shown in FIGS. 17 and 18 is the valve 20 in perspective and in
elevation respectively. As specifically illustrated in FIG. 17, the
valve riser 41 preferably comprises a substantially square riser
center portion 77 that is sized to receive a typical box-end wrench.
Shown in FIG. 18 is the valve 20 installed at the base of a typical
gridded fire suppression system. Installation of valve 20 preferably
comprises threaded attachment of valve body 22 to conveniently
accessible portion of the drain piping 78, preferably comprising
threaded pipe, from which the fire suppression fluid is removed from
the fire suppression system to either drain the system or check the
alarm system integrity.
With reference now to FIGS. 19-23, yet another alternate preferred
embodiment of the valve, hereinafter designated by reference numeral
81, is described; valve 81 is similar in structure and operation to
valve 180 (see FIGS. 12-13), previously described. The valve 81 is
structured and arranged to substantially provide the same
aforementioned functions as valve 20; and valve 81 is further
provided with a variety of added beneficial features which will now
be fully disclosed. As described with reference to similar valve
180, the valve 81 is provided with a valve body 22 and valve handle
50, both as substantially illustrated and described previously with
respect to FIGS. 14-18. The alternate preferred embodiment of the
present invention is also provided with a valve riser 82, preferably
made of a metal material, and having an internal bore portion 83
defined by the riser inner wall 86. The valve riser 82 is attached
to both the valve handle 50 and valve body 22 in accordance with the
attachment method fully disclosed with respect to FIG. 14. For
reasons which will become apparent as this present disclosure
progresses, the valve riser 82 comprises a lower inner riser portion
87 having a smaller internal diameter than the upper inner riser
portion 88 which is sized to house spring 40. As shown in FIG. 19,
the upper inner riser portion 88 comprises an inner wall threaded
portion 91 originating from the riser top end 92 and preferably
terminating at the lower inner riser portion 87, as shown.
Also shown in FIG. 19 is a substantially annular tension disk 93,
preferably consisting of a metal material and having a preferred
thickness of about 1/4 inch, for use in adjusting the tension on
spring 40 so as to more thoroughly ensure that when the system
pressure achieves the above mentioned "not-to-exceed" system
pressure, the valve washer 29 is displaced from the valve seat 28.
As shown in perspective in FIG. 20, the tension disk 93 is provided
with a concentric aperture 96, sized to allow unobstructed movement
of valve stem 97 therethrough, and is further provided with
substantially cylindrical outer surface threaded portion 98 which is
structured and arranged to engage the inner wall threaded portion
91. Referring now to FIG. 21, adjusting the tension in spring 40
consists of engaging the outer surface threaded portion 98 with the
inner wall threaded portion 91 and turning (in well known ways) the
tension disk 93 so that it recedes into the internal bore portion
83. When so positioned, the planar bottom surface 99 of tension disk
93 is in contact with the top coil 100 of spring 40, as shown.
Subsequent such turns of the tension disk 93 results in further
compression of spring 40 (with a resultant increase in spring
tension) resulting in a corresponding increase in the system
pressure required to unseat the valve washer 29 from the valve seat
28. The tension disk 93 embodies herein an adjustment means,
disposed within such internal bore, for adjusting such urging of
such urging means. To avoid accidental or unauthorized adjustment of
the tension in spring 40, it is preferred (and often required by
applicable safety codes) that spring 40 be factory adjusted prior to
installing the valve 81 in the particular fluid system and that the
tension disk 93 be secured after adjustment by a suitable thread
tightening product, preferably the aforementioned Loctite (.TM.)
product.
Referring further to FIG. 19 and introducing FIG. 23, the details of
the valve stem 97 of the present embodiment will now be disclosed.
The valve stem 97 is preferably made of a metal material and
comprises a substantially cylindrical upper stem portion 102 and a
substantially cylindrical lower stem portion 103 having a lower stem
ledge portion 104 sized to support the lower coil 105 of spring 40.
As shown, valve stem 97 is structured so that the upper stem portion
102 has a smaller diameter than the lower stem portion 103. The
lower stem portion 103 is provided with a groove 106 structured and
arranged to receive a typical O-ring-type gasket 69, preferably
comprising an essentially rubber material. The valve stem 97 is
sized and arranged for concentric placement within the internal bore
portion 83 such that the lower stem portion 103 is adjacent the
lower inner riser portion 87 of valve riser 82. As shown in partial
cross section in FIG. 22, when the valve stem 97 is structured and
arranged in the above-mentioned fashion, the gasket 69 always
remains in contact with the lower inner riser portion 87 of valve
riser 82 even when the valve washer 29 is fully displaced from the
valve seat 28. This arrangement advantageously serves the purpose of
effectively insulating the spring 40 from the system fluid, thereby
prolonging the life of spring 40. The gasket 69 embodies herein a
second sealing means, attached to such lower portion of such valve
stem between such helical spring and such valve seat, for
essentially preventing such fluid from contacting such helical
spring.
To provide a means to manually raise valve stem 97, the valve 81 is
provided with an annular washer 107, of a type well known in such
art, which is structured and arranged to engage handle center
portion 60 when the valve 81 is manually opened in accordance with
the aforementioned disclosure accompanying FIG. 16. As shown in FIG.
19, the annular washer 107 is secured to the top surface 108 of
valve stem 97 by use of a fastener 109, preferably a threaded
fastener, which is structured and arranged for receipt by the stem
upper threaded recess 112 (as shown best in FIG. 23). The annular
washer 107 embodies herein an engagement means, structured and
arranged for attachment adjacent such upper portion of such valve
stem, for engaging such control means. To prevent system fluid from
escaping past seat 28 when valve 81 is in a closed position, the
present embodiment of valve 81 is provided with a foot assembly 113
structured and arranged for attachment adjacent the bottom surface
114 of valve stem 97. The foot assembly 113 comprises a foot 117,
preferably comprising a metal material, having a substantially
planar first end 118 sized to receive valve washer 29. The valve
washer 29, preferably comprising a rubber-type material, is secured
to the foot 117 with a fastener 120, preferably comprising a
threaded fastener. The foot 117 is also provided with a ball portion
123 structured and arranged to engage a valve stem socket 125 (shown
best in FIG. 23). Both the ball portion 123 and corresponding valve
stem socket 125 are sized to provide a typical ball-and-socket
connection in which the foot assembly 113 is prevented from being
displaced from the valve stem 97 while still being allowed
sufficient movement, relative to valve stem 97, so as to fully seat
the valve washer 29 against valve seat 28.
Also shown in FIG. 19 is an alternate preferred embodiment of
blocking plug, hereinafter referred to as blocking plug 126,
arranged in a stow-away position on valve handle 50 so as to not
interfere with the pressure relief capability of valve 81. Referring
now to FIG. 24, the blocking plug 126 is preferably made of a metal
material and has a planar surface 127, a substantially cylindrical
externally threaded body 130, and an internal chamber portion 131.
With reference now to FIG. 25, configuring valve 81 for pressure
test capability is achieved by simply turning valve handle 50 until
the valve washer 29 is seated against valve seat 28 (such as shown
in FIG. 19). The blocking plug 126 is then installed in valve handle
50 by attaching, preferably by a threaded attachment, the externally
threaded body 130 to the upper internally threaded recess 56 of
valve handle 50. When properly installed, the planar surface 127 of
blocking plug 126 is seated against the head top surface 132 of
fastener 109. To facilitate attachment of the blocking plug 126 in
the aforementioned manner, notches 135 are provided in the lip
portion 136 which are structured and arranged to receive the flat
edge of a screwdriver or like device. To facilitate attachment of
the blocking plug 126 into valve handle 50 in the manner shown in
FIG. 19, the planar surface 127 is also provided with a channel 137
for receiving the flat edge of a screwdriver or like device.
Although applicant has described applicant's preferred embodiments
of this invention, it will be understood that the broadest scope of
this invention includes such modifications as diverse shapes and
sizes and materials. Such scope is limited only by the below claims
as read in connection with the above specification.
Further, many other advantages of applicant's invention will be
apparent to those skilled in the art from the above descriptions and
the below claims.
* * * * *
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